@article {4843,
	title = {An apholate-resistant strain of the house fly, Musca domestica. II. Ovarian growth and oogenesis},
	volume = {61},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {29-12-201106-02-2012enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=5761171},
	pages = {1351 - 1354},
	keywords = {Animals, Female, Houseflies, Insecticide Resistance, Nitriles/*pharmacology, Ovary/*drug effects},
	author = {Abasa, R. O.}
}
@article {4754,
	title = {An apholate-resistant strain of house flies. I. Resistance to other chemosterilants and to insecticides},
	volume = {62},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {29-12-201106-02-2012enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=5813509},
	pages = {334 - 338},
	keywords = {*Infertility, *Insect Control, *Insecticides, Chemosterilants/pharmacology, Female, Houseflies/*drug effects, Insecticide Resistance, Male},
	author = {Abasa, R. O. and Hansens, E. J.}
}
@article {768,
	title = {Effect of precocene on development of ovarian follicles in flesh fly, Sarcophaga ruficornis F},
	volume = {42},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, India. kkumaruniv@rediffmail.comenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=15274485},
	pages = {74 - 80},
	abstract = {Administration of precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2, 2-dimethyl chromene) to freshly emerged virgin female flies of S. ruficornis adversely affected the development and differentiation of ovarian follicles leading to a number of morphological abnormalities. Precocene treatment resulted into suppression of development of egg chamber, differentiation of follicular epithelium, degeneration of nurse cells, growth of oocyte and uptake of yolk granules by oocytes. The results suggest that precocene induced effects are due to deficiency of juvenile hormone.},
	keywords = {*Plants, Animals, Benzopyrans/*pharmacology, Diptera, Female, Insecticides/*pharmacology, Juvenile Hormones/deficiency, Oocytes/metabolism, Ovarian Follicle/*drug effects/metabolism, Ovary/pathology},
	author = {Kumar, K. and Khan, I. A.}
}
@article {540,
	title = {[Cutaneous myiasis over tumor-lesions: presentation of three cases]},
	volume = {97},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalServicio de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. crisrubio1977@hotmail.comspahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=16540050},
	pages = {39 - 42},
	abstract = {We report three cases of myiasis in patients with tumor-lesions. The first patient, a 54-year-old male, presented with laryngeal carcinoma with extensive local involvement, forming a large tumorous mass on the front of the neck that had been irradiated, where several active larvae were seen. The other two patients, females aged 101 and 87 years, respectively, presented with skin tumors on the scalp and face, and several active larvae could be seen in these tumors. After microbiological examination of the larvae removed, the species in the first case was identified as Chrysomya, while the species in the other two cases was Sarcophaga. Several risk factors for developing myiasis have been described, such as advanced age, poor hygiene, diabetes mellitus, venous insufficiency, etc. These manifestations are self-limited, but in most cases treatment is necessary. This consists of cleaning and mechanical removal of visible larvae, with or without occlusion methods.},
	keywords = {Aged, 80 and over, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms/*complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myiasis/*complications, Skin Neoplasms/*complications},
	author = {Rubio, C. and Ladron de, G. uevara C. and Martin, M. A. and Campos, L. and Quesada, A. and Casado, M.}
}
@article {544,
	title = {The myosin filament superlattice in the flight muscles of flies: A-band lattice optimisation for stretch-activation?},
	volume = {361},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalBiological Structure \&amp; Function Section, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. j.squire@imperial.ac.ukenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=16887144},
	pages = {823 - 838},
	abstract = {Low-angle X-ray diffraction patterns from relaxed fruitfly (Drosophila) flight muscle recorded on the BioCat beamline at the Argonne Advanced Photon Source (APS) show many features similar to such patterns from the "classic" insect flight muscle in Lethocerus, the giant water bug, but there is a characteristically different pattern of sampling of the myosin filament layer-lines, which indicates the presence of a superlattice of myosin filaments in the Drosophila A-band. We show from analysis of the structure factor for this lattice that the sampling pattern is exactly as expected if adjacent four-stranded myosin filaments, of repeat 116 nm, are axially shifted in the hexagonal A-band lattice by one-third of the 14.5 nm axial spacing between crowns of myosin heads. In addition, electron micrographs of Drosophila and other flies (e.g. the house fly (Musca) and the flesh fly (Sarcophaga)) combined with image processing confirm that the same A-band superlattice occurs in all of these flies; it may be a general property of the Diptera. The different A-band organisation in flies compared with Lethocerus, which operates at a much lower wing beat frequency (approximately 30 Hz) and requires a warm-up period, may be a way of optimising the myosin and actin filament geometry needed both for stretch activation at the higher wing beat frequencies (50 Hz to 1000 Hz) of flies and their need for a rapid escape response.},
	keywords = {Animals, Computer Simulation, Drosophila/*metabolism, Female, Flight, Animal/*physiology, Microfilaments/*chemistry, Models, Biological, Muscles/*chemistry/ultrastructure, Myosins/*chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, X-Ray Diffraction},
	author = {Squire, J. M. and Bekyarova, T. and Farman, G. and Gore, D. and Rajkumar, G. and Knupp, C. and Lucaveche, C. and Reedy, M. C. and Reedy, M. K. and Irving, T. C.}
}
@article {548,
	title = {A case of nasomyiasis whose agent was Sarcophaga sp},
	volume = {30},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Parasitology, State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey. turkmeral@hotmail.comenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17309040},
	pages = {330 - 332},
	abstract = {Sixteen larvae fell from the nose of a 16-year-old girl, who had been hospitalized in the anesthesia intensive care unit for 4 days because of a traffic accident and had been evaluated as E1M2V1 according to Glaskow Coma Scale. These larvae were examined macroscopically and microscopically and it was determined that they were second stage Sarcophage spp. larvae. There was no lesion in the nose of the patient},
	keywords = {Accidents, Traffic, Adolescent, Animals, Craniocerebral Trauma/complications, Diptera/*classification, Female, Glasgow Coma Scale, Humans, Larva/classification, Myiasis/complications/*parasitology, Nose Diseases/complications/*parasitology, Unconsciousness/classification/complications},
	author = {Turk, M. and Afsar, I. and Ozbel, Y. and Sener, A. G. and Uner, A. and Turker, M.}
}
@article {472,
	title = {Responses of Tabanidae (Diptera) to canopy traps baited with 4-methylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, and naphthalene},
	volume = {32},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Biology, JJ Strossmayer University, Lj. Gaja 6, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=18260506},
	pages = {188 - 192},
	abstract = {The attraction of female tabanids to unbaited and single-baited canopy traps using 4-methylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, and naphthalene was studied in three forest localities in eastern Croatia. Tabanids were collected in a significantly higher number in traps baited with these chemicals compared to unbaited control traps. The number of females of Tabanus bromius, Tabanus sudeticus, Tabanus tergestinus, Hybomitra ciureai, Haematopota pluvialis, and Tabanus maculicornis collected from 4-methylphenol baited canopy traps and traps baited with other attractants differed significantly. A total of 89.0\% of tabanids collected belonged to these six species. The response of the other species to used chemicals was not analyzed because of small sample sizes. Moreover, the results with 3-isopropylphenol and naphthalene are very similar and not significant for some tabanids. Tabanus bromius was the most abundant species with 48.4\% in the sample collected by canopy traps. Finally, the 4-methylphenol baited canopy traps collected 16 times more tabanids than unbaited traps, while 3-isopropylphenol and naphthalene baited traps collected 3.5 and 2 times as many tabanids, respectively, than unbaited traps. Also, 4-methylphenol appeared to be a very effective attractant for Lucilia caesar (Calliphoridae), Sarcophaga carnaria (Sarcophagidae), and Musca domestica (Muscidae).},
	keywords = {*Cresols, *Diptera, Animals, Croatia, Female, Insect Control/*methods, Naphthalenes, Phenols},
	author = {Krcmar, S.}
}
@article {463,
	title = {Morphology and physiology of the prosternal chordotonal organ of the sarcophagid fly Sarcophaga bullata (Parker)},
	volume = {53},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalUniversitat Gottingen, Institut fur Zoologie und Anthropologie, Berliner Strasse 28, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17362981},
	pages = {444 - 454},
	abstract = {The anatomy and the physiology of the prosternal chordotonal organ (pCO) within the prothorax of Sarcophaga bullata is analysed. Neuroanatomical studies illustrate that the approximately 35 sensory axons terminate within the median ventral association centre of the different neuromeres of the thoracico-abdominal ganglion. At the single-cell level two classes of receptor cells can be discriminated physiologically and morphologically: receptor cells with dorso-lateral branches in the mesothoracic neuromere are insensitive to frequencies below approximately 1 kHz. Receptor cells without such branches respond most sensitive at lower frequencies. Absolute thresholds vary between 0.2 and 8m/s(2) for different frequencies. The sensory information is transmitted to the brain via ascending interneurons. Functional analyses reveal a mechanical transmission of forced head rotations and of foreleg vibrations to the attachment site of the pCO. In summed action potential recordings a physiological correlate was found to stimuli with parameters of leg vibrations, rather than to those of head rotation. The data represent a first physiological study of a putative predecessor organ of an insect ear.},
	keywords = {Animals, Diptera/*anatomy \&amp, Female, histology/physiology, Interneurons/physiology, Male, Mechanoreceptors/*anatomy \&amp},
	author = {St{\"o}lting, H. and Stumpner, A. and Lakes-Harlan, R.}
}
@article {362,
	title = {Mating affects reproductive investment into eggs, but not the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {178},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA. dahahn@ifas.ufl.eduenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17957374},
	pages = {225 - 233},
	abstract = {We examined the effects of mating on reproductive investment and the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis by exposing females to males or not. All females exposed to males were mated within a few days and we found that mating affected reproductive investment. Virgin females not exposed to males produced a large clutch of eggs ( approximately 91), but females exposed to males and mated produced 10\% more. There was no effect of mating on egg length or mass. There was also no effect of mating on the timing of oogenesis. Females in both treatments provisioned their eggs at the same rate with yolk first becoming visible in the oocytes on day three of adulthood and complete provisioning of eggs occurring by the seventh day of adulthood. We examined the biochemical basis of egg provisioning by identifying the yolk proteins and quantifying their blood titer during the oogenic period in both, females exposed to males and mated and those not exposed to males. There was no difference in the timing of the first appearance, peak titer, or disappearance of yolk proteins in the blood between the two treatments. However, consistent with our observation of greater egg production in mated females, these females contained a greater peak yolk protein titer.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Diptera/*physiology, Egg Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Female, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Oocytes/*physiology, Oogenesis/*physiology, Oviposition/*physiology, Peptide Mapping, Reproduction/physiology, Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology},
	author = {Hahn, D. A. and Rourke, M. N. and Milne, K. R.}
}
@article {280,
	title = {Mendelian inheritance of pupal diapause in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata},
	volume = {100},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 318 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=18836144},
	pages = {251 - 255},
	abstract = {Pupal diapause (dormancy) in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, is induced by short-day photoperiods and low temperature. In this study, the inheritance mode of diapause was investigated by crossing a nondiapausing (nd) strain of S. bullata with 2 diapausing strains having different diapause capacities. The results consistently indicated that diapause incidence is inherited in a simple Mendelian pattern, thus a single gene or a small gene cluster linked to the photoperiodic clock controls the seasonal response of diapause. The fact that the nd strain lacked daily rhythmicity in adult eclosion and showed altered expression of 2 circadian clock genes suggests that the photoperiodic and circadian clocks are related through a shared molecular component in S. bullata.},
	keywords = {Animals, Crosses, Genetic, development, Diptera/*genetics/*growth \&amp, Female, Inheritance Patterns/*genetics, Linkage (Genetics), Male, Metamorphosis, Biological/*genetics/physiology, Models, Genetic},
	author = {Han, B. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {283,
	title = {Possible involvement of distinct photoreceptors in the photoperiodic induction of diapause in the flesh fly Sarcophaga similis},
	volume = {55},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan. shingoto@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jpenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19084533},
	pages = {401 - 407},
	abstract = {Physiological characteristics of the photoreceptors involved in the photoperiodic induction of diapause were investigated in the flesh fly Sarcophaga similis. Both the early and late phases of scotophase were sensitive to light and a light pulse during each of these phases prevented diapause. Certain physiological differences between the phases were, nevertheless, detected. Compared with early scotophase, late scotophase required a light pulse with a long period and a large number of night interruption photoperiodic cycles in order to effectively prevent diapause. The diapause-averting effects of a light pulse during early scotophase were canceled by an additional long dark period, but those during late scotophase were not. Thus, the diapause-averting effects produced during early scotophase are different to those produced during late scotophase. The early scotophase was sensitive to light at wavelengths of 470nm or shorter, but not to light of 583nm or longer. In contrast, the late scotophase was sensitive to light of a broad range of wavelengths, ranging from 395 to 660nm. Furthermore, the early scotophase was considerably more sensitive to monochromatic light with low photon flux density than the late scotophase. These results suggest that different types of photoreceptor are involved in the photoperiodic response.},
	keywords = {Animals, development/physiology/*radiation effects, development/physiology/radiation effects, Diptera/*growth \&amp, Female, Larva/growth \&amp, Light, Photoperiod, Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology/*radiation effects},
	author = {Goto, S. G. and Numata, H.}
}
@article {285,
	title = {Clock genes period and timeless are rhythmically expressed in brains of newly hatched, photosensitive larvae of the fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {55},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalBiology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 370 05, Czech Republic. kostal@entu.cas.czenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19186184},
	pages = {408 - 414},
	abstract = {While roles of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) are relatively well understood in relation to circadian clocks, their potential roles in insect photoperiodism remain enigmatic. In this study, the expression of per and tim genes under two contrasting photoperiods is described in the central nervous system of photoperiodically sensitive, newly hatched first instar larvae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis. Using qPCR, diel oscillations were observed in the mRNA levels of both genes under long-day (15 h light:9h dark, promotes direct development) and short-day conditions (11 h light:13 h dark, induces pupal diapause). Peak per and tim mRNA oscillations were closely associated with the light/dark transition. The conspicuous difference between the two photoperiodic conditions was that the sharp increase in per and tim mRNA abundance occurred during the light phase under long days but during the dark phase under short days. The diel oscillations were, at least in part, driven by an endogenous component, as demonstrated by transferring larvae to continuous darkness. The cells displaying Tim- and Per-like immunoreactivities (Tim- and Per-LIRs) were localized using anti-Drosophila-Per and anti-Chymomyza-Tim antibodies. Per-LIR and Tim-LIR co-localized in three groups of cells in each brain hemisphere. Two other groups, one in the brain hemispheres and the other in the fused ventral nerve ganglion, expressed only the Per-LIR.},
	keywords = {*Gene Expression/radiation effects, Animals, Brain/metabolism/radiation effects, Circadian Rhythm/radiation effects, development/metabolism/radiation effects, Diptera/*genetics/growth \&amp, Female, Insect Proteins/*genetics/metabolism, Larva/genetics/growth \&amp, Light, Photoperiod, Protein Transport},
	author = {Kostal, V. and Zavodska, R. and Denlinger, D.}
}
@article {289,
	title = {Preparation and preliminary biological screening of cholic acid-juvenoid conjugates},
	volume = {74},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. jurcek@ueb.cas.czenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19394354},
	pages = {779 - 785},
	abstract = {Steroidal compounds have been utilized as carriers and for modification of physico-chemical properties of model biologically active secondary alcohols - juvenoids. Juvenoids are juvenile hormone analogues - environmentally safe insecticides, possessing significant biological activity towards different arthropods groups in focus on insect pest species. Structure modification of juvenoids plays important role to control the rate of liberation and decomposition of juvenoid in digestive system and can also play important role in the mode of action towards selected insect. This study presents an approach to the synthesis of steroidal monomers and dimers carrying one and two molecules of a juvenoid in their structures. The prepared compounds were tested for their inhibition activity on reproduction of the blowfly Neobellieria (Sarcophaga) bullata. These steroid-juvenoid conjugates showed promising possibilities in synthesis of new unique biochemical insecticides. Preliminary biological test results of prepared compounds are presented.},
	keywords = {Animals, Cell Proliferation/drug effects, Cholic Acid/*chemistry, development, Dimerization, Diptera/cytology/drug effects/growth \&amp, Epithelial Cells/cytology/drug effects, Female, Juvenile Hormones/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Larva/drug effects/growth \&amp, Male, Pesticides/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Reproduction/drug effects},
	author = {Jurcek, O. and Wimmer, Z. and Svobodova, H. and Bennettova, B. and Kolehmainen, E. and Drasar, P.}
}
@article {39,
	title = {Physiological trade-offs of forming maggot masses by necrophagous flies on vertebrate carrion},
	volume = {101},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {28-12-201106-02-2012Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, 4501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21210, USA. drivers@loyola.eduenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=21729395},
	pages = {599 - 611},
	abstract = {Necrophagous flies that colonize human and animal corpses are extremely efficient at locating and utilizing carrion. Adult flies deposit eggs or larvae on the ephemeral food resource, which signals the beginning of intense inter- and intra-species competition. Within a short period of time after egg hatch, large larval aggregations or maggot masses form. A period of intense larval feeding ensues that will culminate with consumption/decomposition of all soft tissues associated with the corpse. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of these feeding aggregations is heat production; that is, the capacity to generate internal heat that can exceed ambient temperatures by 30 degrees C or more. While observations of maggot mass formation and heat generation have been described in the research literature for more than 50 years, our understanding of maggot masses, particularly the physiological ecology of the aggregations as a whole, is rudimentary. In this review, an examination of what is known about the formation of maggot masses is presented, as well as arguments for the physiological benefits and limitations of developing in feeding aggregations that, at times, can represent regions of intense competition, overcrowded conditions, or a microclimate with elevated temperatures approaching or exceeding proteotoxic stress levels.},
	keywords = {*Feeding Behavior, Animals, Competitive Behavior, Female, Forensic Sciences, Hot Temperature, Larva/physiology, Male, Population Density, Reproduction, Sarcophagidae/*physiology, Vertebrates/parasitology},
	author = {Rivers, D. B. and Thompson, C. and Brogan, R.}
}
