02191nas a2200241   4500008004600000245013100046210006900177300001400246490000700260520134400267653001201611653004601623653004501669653002501714653001101739653002201750653001001772653001601782653006901798100001701867700001501884856005001899       Submitted                   eng d     00aPossible involvement of distinct photoreceptors in the photoperiodic induction of diapause in the flesh fly Sarcophaga similis0 aPossible involvement of distinct photoreceptors in the photoperi  a401 - 4070 v553 aPhysiological characteristics of the photoreceptors involved in the photoperiodic induction of diapause were investigated in the flesh fly Sarcophaga similis. Both the early and late phases of scotophase were sensitive to light and a light pulse during each of these phases prevented diapause. Certain physiological differences between the phases were, nevertheless, detected. Compared with early scotophase, late scotophase required a light pulse with a long period and a large number of night interruption photoperiodic cycles in order to effectively prevent diapause. The diapause-averting effects of a light pulse during early scotophase were canceled by an additional long dark period, but those during late scotophase were not. Thus, the diapause-averting effects produced during early scotophase are different to those produced during late scotophase. The early scotophase was sensitive to light at wavelengths of 470nm or shorter, but not to light of 583nm or longer. In contrast, the late scotophase was sensitive to light of a broad range of wavelengths, ranging from 395 to 660nm. Furthermore, the early scotophase was considerably more sensitive to monochromatic light with low photon flux density than the late scotophase. These results suggest that different types of photoreceptor are involved in the photoperiodic response.10aAnimals10adevelopment/physiology/*radiation effects10adevelopment/physiology/radiation effects10aDiptera/*growth &amp10aFemale10aLarva/growth &amp10aLight10aPhotoperiod10aPhotoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology/*radiation effects1 aGoto, S., G.1 aNumata, H.  uhttps://sarcophagidae.myspecies.info/node/28302480nas a2200289   4500008004600000245014900046210006900195300001400264490000700278520146600285653003901751653001201790653003901802653003901841653004501880653003401925653001101959653004101970653003102011653001002042653001602052653002202068100001502090700001702105700001802122856005002140       Submitted                   eng d     00aClock genes period and timeless are rhythmically expressed in brains of newly hatched, photosensitive larvae of the fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis0 aClock genes period and timeless are rhythmically expressed in br  a408 - 4140 v553 aWhile roles of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) are relatively well understood in relation to circadian clocks, their potential roles in insect photoperiodism remain enigmatic. In this study, the expression of per and tim genes under two contrasting photoperiods is described in the central nervous system of photoperiodically sensitive, newly hatched first instar larvae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis. Using qPCR, diel oscillations were observed in the mRNA levels of both genes under long-day (15 h light:9h dark, promotes direct development) and short-day conditions (11 h light:13 h dark, induces pupal diapause). Peak per and tim mRNA oscillations were closely associated with the light/dark transition. The conspicuous difference between the two photoperiodic conditions was that the sharp increase in per and tim mRNA abundance occurred during the light phase under long days but during the dark phase under short days. The diel oscillations were, at least in part, driven by an endogenous component, as demonstrated by transferring larvae to continuous darkness. The cells displaying Tim- and Per-like immunoreactivities (Tim- and Per-LIRs) were localized using anti-Drosophila-Per and anti-Chymomyza-Tim antibodies. Per-LIR and Tim-LIR co-localized in three groups of cells in each brain hemisphere. Two other groups, one in the brain hemispheres and the other in the fused ventral nerve ganglion, expressed only the Per-LIR.10a*Gene Expression/radiation effects10aAnimals10aBrain/metabolism/radiation effects10aCircadian Rhythm/radiation effects10adevelopment/metabolism/radiation effects10aDiptera/*genetics/growth &amp10aFemale10aInsect Proteins/*genetics/metabolism10aLarva/genetics/growth &amp10aLight10aPhotoperiod10aProtein Transport1 aKostal, V.1 aZavodska, R.1 aDenlinger, D.  uhttps://sarcophagidae.myspecies.info/node/285