00536nas a2200145   4500008004600000245013100046210006900177300001600246490000700262100001700269700001800286700001800304700001800322856005000340       Submitted                   eng d     00aLife-history plasticity after attaining a dietary threshold for reproduction is associated with protein storage in flesh flies0 aLifehistory plasticity after attaining a dietary threshold for r  a1081 - 10900 v221 aHahn, D., A.1 aJames, L., N.1 aMilne, K., R.1 aHatle, J., D.  uhttps://sarcophagidae.myspecies.info/node/39802267nas a2200301   4500008004600000245012700046210006900173300001400242490000800256520128600264653002401550653001201574653002401586653003701610653001101647653000901658653002801667653002401695653002601719653002801745653002001773653002801793653004001821100001701861700001901878700001801897856005001915       Submitted                   eng d     00aMating affects reproductive investment into eggs, but not the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis0 aMating affects reproductive investment into eggs but not the tim  a225 - 2330 v1783 aWe examined the effects of mating on reproductive investment and the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis by exposing females to males or not. All females exposed to males were mated within a few days and we found that mating affected reproductive investment. Virgin females not exposed to males produced a large clutch of eggs ( approximately 91), but females exposed to males and mated produced 10% more. There was no effect of mating on egg length or mass. There was also no effect of mating on the timing of oogenesis. Females in both treatments provisioned their eggs at the same rate with yolk first becoming visible in the oocytes on day three of adulthood and complete provisioning of eggs occurring by the seventh day of adulthood. We examined the biochemical basis of egg provisioning by identifying the yolk proteins and quantifying their blood titer during the oogenic period in both, females exposed to males and mated and those not exposed to males. There was no difference in the timing of the first appearance, peak titer, or disappearance of yolk proteins in the blood between the two treatments. However, consistent with our observation of greater egg production in mated females, these females contained a greater peak yolk protein titer.10aAmino Acid Sequence10aAnimals10aDiptera/*physiology10aEgg Proteins/genetics/metabolism10aFemale10aMale10aMolecular Sequence Data10aOocytes/*physiology10aOogenesis/*physiology10aOviposition/*physiology10aPeptide Mapping10aReproduction/physiology10aSexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology1 aHahn, D., A.1 aRourke, M., N.1 aMilne, K., R.  uhttps://sarcophagidae.myspecies.info/node/36202663nas a2200265   4500008004600000245011800046210006900164300001400233490000700247520177500254653002402029653001202053653003002065653002802095653003402123653004202157653003002199653002002229653002802249100002002277700001502297700001802312700001702330856005002347       Submitted                   eng d     00aBiphasic metabolic rate trajectory of pupal diapause termination and post-diapause development in a tephritid fly0 aBiphasic metabolic rate trajectory of pupal diapause termination  a344 - 3500 v553 aMetabolic depression is a highly conserved feature of insect diapause, and an increase in metabolism is a reliable indicator of diapause termination and the initiation of post-diapause development. The trajectory of metabolic rate following diapause termination can guide the identification of important physiological and developmental landmarks during this developmental transition, yet quantitative descriptions of these trajectories are relatively rare. Here we track changes in metabolic rate from diapause through diapause termination and pharate adult development in Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), a univoltine tephritid fly that diapauses in the pupal stage. Using respirometric monitoring we show that diapause termination and subsequent pharate adult development is characterized by a biphasic increase in metabolic rate. Respiration rate initially increases logistically, reaching a plateau that is followed by a final, exponential increase terminating in adult eclosion. We develop a non-linear model describing this pattern with easily interpretable landmarks, and we map visible landmarks of morphogenesis onto the trajectory. The bulk of visible morphogenesis in pharate adult development occurs relatively late in the trajectory during the final, exponential phase, that matches the U-shaped trajectory of non-diapause individuals. These results mirror a qualitative description of the same trajectories of diapause and non-diapause flesh flies (Sarcophaga). Overall, our results suggest that (1) the course of diapause breakage and post-diapause development may be evolutionarily conserved in higher flies with pupal diapause, and (2) the biphasic trajectory is distinct from a more continuous trajectory observed during direct development.10a*Models, Biological10aAnimals10aCarbon Dioxide/metabolism10adevelopment/*physiology10aEnergy Metabolism/*physiology10aMetamorphosis, Biological/*physiology10aMorphogenesis/*physiology10aPupa/physiology10aTephritidae/growth &amp1 aRagland, G., J.1 aFuller, J.1 aFeder, J., L.1 aHahn, D., A.  uhttps://sarcophagidae.myspecies.info/node/28703073nas a2200289   4500008004600000245011700046210006900163300000800232490000700240520212900247653002902376653002002405653001202425653002202437653003002459653001702489653002702506653002602533653002102559653003602580653003602616100001702652700002002669700002202689700002202711856005002733       Submitted                   eng d     00aGene discovery using massively parallel pyrosequencing to develop ESTs for the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis0 aGene discovery using massively parallel pyrosequencing to develo  a2340 v103 aBACKGROUND: Flesh flies in the genus Sarcophaga are important models for investigating endocrinology, diapause, cold hardiness, reproduction, and immunity. Despite the prominence of Sarcophaga flesh flies as models for insect physiology and biochemistry, and in forensic studies, little genomic or transcriptomic data are available for members of this genus. We used massively parallel pyrosequencing on the Roche 454-FLX platform to produce a substantial EST dataset for the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis. To maximize sequence diversity, we pooled RNA extracted from whole bodies of all life stages and normalized the cDNA pool after reverse transcription. RESULTS: We obtained 207,110 ESTs with an average read length of 241 bp. These reads assembled into 20,995 contigs and 31,056 singletons. Using BLAST searches of the NR and NT databases we were able to identify 11,757 unique gene elements (E&lt;0.0001) representing approximately 9,000 independent transcripts. Comparison of the distribution of S. crassipalpis unigenes among GO Biological Process functional groups with that of the Drosophila melanogaster transcriptome suggests that our ESTs are broadly representative of the flesh fly transcriptome. Insertion and deletion errors in 454 sequencing present a serious hurdle to comparative transcriptome analysis. Aided by a new approach to correcting for these errors, we performed a comparative analysis of genetic divergence across GO categories among S. crassipalpis, D. melanogaster, and Anopheles gambiae. The results suggest that non-synonymous substitutions occur at similar rates across categories, although genes related to response to stimuli may evolve slightly faster. In addition, we identified over 500 potential microsatellite loci and more than 12,000 SNPs among our ESTs. CONCLUSION: Our data provides the first large-scale EST-project for flesh flies, a much-needed resource for exploring this model species. In addition, we identified a large number of potential microsatellite and SNP markers that could be used in population and systematic studies of S. crassipalpis and other flesh flies.10a*Expressed Sequence Tags10a*Genome, Insect10aAnimals10aDiptera/*genetics10aGene Expression Profiling10aGene Library10aMicrosatellite Repeats10aOID - NLM: PMC270081710aPMC - PMC270081710aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide10aSequence Analysis, DNA/*methods1 aHahn, D., A.1 aRagland, G., J.1 aShoemaker, D., D.1 aDenlinger, D., L.  uhttps://sarcophagidae.myspecies.info/node/29000516nas a2200157   4500008004600000245008600046210006900132300001400201490000800215100002000223700001600243700001500259700001800274700001700292856004900309       Submitted                   eng d     00aDoes it pay to delay? Flesh flies show adaptive plasticity in reproductive timing0 aDoes it pay to delay Flesh flies show adaptive plasticity in rep  a311 - 3200 v1651 aWessels, F., J.1 aKristal, R.1 aNetter, F.1 aHatle, J., D.1 aHahn, D., A.  uhttps://sarcophagidae.myspecies.info/node/62