@article {764,
	title = {Desiccation and rehydration elicit distinct heat shock protein transcript responses in flesh fly pupae},
	volume = {207},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalOhio State University, Department of Entomology, 318 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. hayward.23@asu.eduenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=14766955},
	pages = {963 - 971},
	abstract = {Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a ubiquitous component of the cellular response to stress in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, but their role and function during desiccation stress in terrestrial arthropods has received limited attention. Molecular responses to rehydration are arguably as important as those to desiccation in maintaining cellular integrity and enzyme activity, but the role of Hsps during stress recovery is poorly understood and has never been addressed with respect to rehydration in insects. This study identifies distinct differences in the Hsp response to desiccation and rehydration in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis, as well as differences in the desiccation responses of diapausing and nondiapausing pupae. In nondiapausing pupae, the expression of two inducible Hsps (Hsp23 and Hsp70) is upregulated by desiccation, but the water loss threshold for Hsp expression changes at different rates of dehydration. Continued desiccation results in the prolonged expression of both Hsp23 and Hsp70, which may contribute to the delayed adult eclosion noted in samples desiccated for more than 3 days at \&lt;5\% relative humidity/25 degrees C. In diapausing pupae, hsp23 and hsp70 transcripts are already highly expressed and are not further upregulated by desiccation stress. Both of the constitutive Hsps investigated, Hsp90 and Hsc70, were unresponsive to desiccation in both nondiapausing and diapausing pupae. However, both Hsp90 and Hsc70 were upregulated upon rehydration in nondiapausing and diapausing pupae. These results indicate distinct roles for the different Hsps during desiccation stress and rehydration/stress recovery. The response to desiccation recovery (rehydration) is similar to the Hsp response to cold recovery identified in S. crassipalpis: Hsp90 and Hsc70 are upregulated in both cases.},
	keywords = {*Body Water, *Gene Expression Regulation, Animals, Blotting, Northern, Desiccation, Diptera/*physiology, Fluid Therapy, Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Hibernation/genetics/physiology, RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism},
	author = {Hayward, S. A. L. and Rinehart, J. P. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {767,
	title = {Factors related to the attraction of flies at a biosolids composting facility (Bariloche, Argentina)},
	volume = {328},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalSoil Staff, CRUB-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina. flaos@crub.uncoma.edu.arenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=15207571},
	pages = {33 - 40},
	publisher = {Copyright 2004 Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {The composting process is used to treat biosolids from the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Bariloche (NW Patagonia, Argentina). Since 1998, an odourless, innocuous and stable organic amendment has been produced at the Biosolids Composting Plant of Bariloche. However, volatile compounds produced during this process, attract different vectors, mainly insects belonging to the Order Diptera, particularly in summer. To evaluate factors associated with the attraction of Diptera to composting windrows, volatile compounds, wind velocity, ambient and windrow temperatures were measured and their relationships with the taxa of flies found were determined. Sampling was conducted several months on newly formed windrows during 3 weeks of the thermophilic composting period. Composite samples from each windrow were taken on the first day of each sampling week, from November 1999 to March 2000 to analyze volatile compounds using an {\textquoteright}electronic nose{\textquoteright}. Windrow and ambient temperatures and wind velocity were recorded on three consecutive days of each week, from January to March 2000; also the capture of flies was performed in this period. A weekly mean value was calculated for each environmental variable. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was employed to determine relationships between taxa of flies and the studied factors. The electronic nose discriminated among odours emitted, differentiating windrows by the bulking agent employed and by week of the thermophilic composting period. Ambient temperatures increased slightly during the sampling weeks; the highest values of wind velocity were registered during the second sampling week while windrow temperatures were sustained approximately 60 degrees C. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that attraction of flies to composting windrows was related to minimum and maximum ambient temperatures and volatile compounds for Muscina stabulans, Fannia sp. and Acaliptratae and to wind velocity for Ophyra sp., Sarcophaga sp., Cochliomyia macellaria and Phaenicia sericata.},
	keywords = {*Refuse Disposal, *Soil, Animals, Argentina, Diptera/*physiology, Organic Chemicals/*analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Temperature, Time Factors, Volatilization, Wind},
	author = {Laos, F. and Semenas, L. and Labud, V.}
}
@article {770,
	title = {In vivo and in vitro rapid cold-hardening protects cells from cold-shock injury in the flesh fly},
	volume = {174},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=15503055},
	pages = {611 - 615},
	abstract = {The capacity to undergo rapid the cold-hardening response (RCH) has been documented in diverse groups of insects and functions to protect against non-freezing cold injury and to preserve physiological performance in response to environmental cooling. The RCH response is remarkable for the rapidity of its induction; however the mechanism by which insects perceive cold and transduce this input at the cellular level has received little attention. To test the hypothesis that cells from isolated tissues can undergo RCH in response to cold, we assessed cell viability in four tissues that had undergone either RCH (0 degree C, 2 h followed by -8 degrees C, 2 h) or cold-shock (-8 degrees C, 2 h) both in vivo and in vitro from the adult flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) using fluorescent probes. Adult flies showed a significantly higher survival rate in the RCH group than in the cold-shocked group. Similarly, in all tissues tested, both in vivo and in vitro, RCH significantly improved cell survival compared with the respective cold-shocked groups. To our knowledge this is the first report to demonstrate that isolated cells and tissues from insects can undergo RCH. These results indicate that insect cells are capable of cold-sensing without neuroendocrine mediation; direct induction at the cellular level also helps to explain the swiftness of the RCH response.},
	keywords = {*Cold Temperature, Acclimatization/*physiology, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Body Temperature Regulation/*physiology, Cell Survival/physiology, Diptera/*physiology, Fat Body/physiology, Fluorescent Dyes, Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology, Malpighian Tubules/physiology, Salivary Glands/physiology},
	author = {Yi, S. X. and Lee, R. E., Jr.}
}
@article {647,
	title = {Temporal expression patterns of diapause-associated genes in flesh fly pupae from the onset of diapause through post-diapause quiescence},
	volume = {51},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Entomology, Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. salh@liv.ac.ukenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=15993127},
	pages = {631 - 640},
	abstract = {Distinct differences in the temporal expression patterns of genes associated with pupal diapause were noted in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis. The first change observed was a decline in expression of the gene encoding heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) 2 days after pupariation (1 day before the pupa reaches the phanerocephalic stage characteristic of diapause). In contrast, hsp23 and hsp70 transcripts were undetectable in nondiapause samples and d1-d4 diapause-programmed pupae, but were up-regulated just after the start of diapause, 5 days after pupariation. An increase of glycerol content in diapausing pupae was also noted at the start of diapause. The gene encoding proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) was diapause down-regulated, and this occurred in two phases, with the first decline in expression 7 days after pupariation and a second decline in the level of expression on day 14. For pupae held at 20 degrees C for 20 days and transferred to 10 degrees C, diapause ended after 90-100 days at the lower temperature. However, pupae remained in a state of post-diapause quiescence (d100-d150) and sustained diapause-like hsp and pcna expression patterns until adult development was initiated. Glycerol concentrations and survival declined during the post-diapause phase. This study suggests a distinct sequence in the pattern of gene expression at the onset of diapause, but the genes we have monitored do not contribute to the switch to covert developmental potential at the transition from diapause to post-diapause quiescence.},
	keywords = {Animals, Cold Temperature, Diptera/*physiology, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*physiology, Glycerol/metabolism, Heat-Shock Proteins/*biosynthesis, Insect Proteins/*biosynthesis, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/*metabolism, Pupa/physiology, Seasons, Time Factors},
	author = {Hayward, S. A. L. and Pavlides, S. C. and Tammariello, S. P. and Rinehart, J. P. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {362,
	title = {Mating affects reproductive investment into eggs, but not the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {178},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA. dahahn@ifas.ufl.eduenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17957374},
	pages = {225 - 233},
	abstract = {We examined the effects of mating on reproductive investment and the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis by exposing females to males or not. All females exposed to males were mated within a few days and we found that mating affected reproductive investment. Virgin females not exposed to males produced a large clutch of eggs ( approximately 91), but females exposed to males and mated produced 10\% more. There was no effect of mating on egg length or mass. There was also no effect of mating on the timing of oogenesis. Females in both treatments provisioned their eggs at the same rate with yolk first becoming visible in the oocytes on day three of adulthood and complete provisioning of eggs occurring by the seventh day of adulthood. We examined the biochemical basis of egg provisioning by identifying the yolk proteins and quantifying their blood titer during the oogenic period in both, females exposed to males and mated and those not exposed to males. There was no difference in the timing of the first appearance, peak titer, or disappearance of yolk proteins in the blood between the two treatments. However, consistent with our observation of greater egg production in mated females, these females contained a greater peak yolk protein titer.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Diptera/*physiology, Egg Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Female, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Oocytes/*physiology, Oogenesis/*physiology, Oviposition/*physiology, Peptide Mapping, Reproduction/physiology, Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology},
	author = {Hahn, D. A. and Rourke, M. N. and Milne, K. R.}
}
