@article {1844,
	title = {Arab nations: attitudes to AIDS},
	volume = {341},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {29-12-201106-02-2012enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=8096578},
	pages = {884 - 885},
	keywords = {Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology, Attitude to Health, GN  - PIP: TJ: LANCET., Humans, Middle East, OAB - PIP: In the Arab world the number of people infected with HIV is uncertain, but official figures underreport the disease, even in Lebanon where public information is credible. The Ministry of Health figure of 130 recorded cases of AIDS since 1984 ha, OID - PIP: 081544, OID - POP: 00221468, OT  - *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, OT  - *Arab Countries, OT  - *Attitude, OT  - *Government, OT  - *Health Education, OT  - *Hiv Infections, OT  - *Prevalence--statistics, OT  - Africa, OT  - Asia, OT  - Behavior, OT  - Developing Countries, OT  - Diseases, OT  - Education, OT  - Egypt, OT  - French Speaking Africa, OT  - Jordan, OT  - Lebanon, OT  - Measurement, OT  - Mediterranean Countries, OT  - Morocco, OT  - Northern Africa, OT  - Political Factors, OT  - Psychological Factors, OT  - Research Methodology, OT  - Tunisia, OT  - Viral Diseases, OT  - Western Asia, OTO - PIP},
	author = {Kandela, P.}
}
@article {646,
	title = {Nosocomial Oral Myiasis by Sarcophaga sp. in Turkey},
	volume = {46},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Parasitology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey. syazar@erciyes.edu.trenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=15988817},
	pages = {431 - 434},
	abstract = {We present a case of oral myiasis in a 15-year-old boy with tuberculosis meningitis. The diagnosis was based on the visual presence of wriggling larvae about 1 cm in size and on the microscopic features of the maggots, especially those relating to stigmatic structures. The larvae were identified as third-stage larvae of Sarcophaga sp.},
	keywords = {*Diptera, Adolescent, Animals, Cross Infection/microbiology/*parasitology, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Male, Mouth Diseases/complications/*parasitology, Myiasis/complications/*diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Meningeal/complications, Turkey},
	author = {Yazar, S. and Dik, B. and Yalcin, S. and Demirtas, F. and Yaman, O. and Ozturk, M. and Sahin, I.}
}
@article {649,
	title = {A virus essential for insect host-parasite interactions encodes cystatins},
	volume = {79},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalInstitut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l{\textquoteright}Insecte, UMR CNRS 6035, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, Tours.eng SI  - GENBANK/AJ632321http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=16014938},
	pages = {9765 - 9776},
	abstract = {Cotesia congregata is a parasitoid wasp that injects its eggs in the host caterpillar Manduca sexta. In this host-parasite interaction, successful parasitism is ensured by a third partner: a bracovirus. The relationship between parasitic wasps and bracoviruses constitutes one of the few known mutualisms between viruses and eukaryotes. The C. congregata bracovirus (CcBV) is injected at the same time as the wasp eggs in the host hemolymph. Expression of viral genes alters the caterpillar{\textquoteright}s immune defense responses and developmental program, resulting in the creation of a favorable environment for the survival and emergence of adult parasitoid wasps. Here, we describe the characterization of a CcBV multigene family which is highly expressed during parasitism and which encodes three proteins with homology to members of the cystatin superfamily. Cystatins are tightly binding, reversible inhibitors of cysteine proteases. Other cysteine protease inhibitors have been described for lepidopteran viruses; however, this is the first description of the presence of cystatins in a viral genome. The expression and purification of a recombinant form of one of the CcBV cystatins, cystatin 1, revealed that this viral cystatin is functional having potent inhibitory activity towards the cysteine proteases papain, human cathepsins L and B and Sarcophaga cathepsin B in assays in vitro. CcBV cystatins are, therefore, likely to play a role in host caterpillar physiological deregulation by inhibiting host target proteases in the course of the host-parasite interaction.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Cathepsins/antagonists \&amp, Cystatins/genetics/isolation \&amp, Diptera/enzymology, Genes, Viral, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, inhibitors, Manduca/*parasitology, Molecular Sequence Data, Multigene Family/physiology, OID - NLM: PMC1181612, Ovum/virology, Papain/antagonists \&amp, PMC - PMC1181612, Polydnaviridae/*metabolism, purification/*metabolism/pharmacology, Sequence Alignment, Wasps/*metabolism/*physiology/virology},
	author = {Espagne, E. and Douris, V. and Lalmanach, G. and Provost, B. and Cattolico, L. and Lesobre, J. and Kurata, S. and Iatrou, K. and Drezen, J. M. and Huguet, E.}
}
@article {538,
	title = {Inherent potential for production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by human intestinal macrophages},
	volume = {21},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalInstitute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=16091914},
	pages = {339 - 347},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by the macrophages in intestines appears to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Crohn{\textquoteright}s disease (CD). However, it is reported that resident intestinal macrophages (both colonic and small-bowel) do not produce TNF after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. It has not yet been proven whether or not intestinal macrophages have an inherent potential to produce TNF. The purpose of this study is to answer this question. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Colonic macrophages were isolated from lamina propria of human large intestine and stimulated with a variety of substances: LPS, a lipid A derivative (ONO-4007), killed Streptococcus bacterial body (OK-432), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and lectins (pokeweed mitogen and Sarcophaga lectin). RESULTS: Colonic macrophages were phenotypically negative for CD14 and positive for CD68 and produced very little TNF in response to LPS, as reported previously. Of the substances tested, only Sarcophaga lectin, which is a defense protein of fleshflies (Sarcophaga peregrina), induced TNF production by the intestinal macrophages. In addition, when the colonic macrophages were cultured on immunoglobulin-A-coated dishes, their characteristic response to LPS was altered, and they produced TNF at a level 6.6 times higher than when on collagen-coated dishes. CONCLUSION: Colonic macrophages have an inherent ability to produce TNF. Activation of colonic macrophages by unknown substances may contribute to the induction of TNF production, which causes the intestinal inflammation of CD.},
	keywords = {*Macrophage Activation, Antigens, CD, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic, Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology, Carcinogens/pharmacology, Cells, Cultured, Collagen, Colon/*metabolism, Culture Techniques/instrumentation, Humans, Immunoglobulin A, Insect Proteins/pharmacology, Lectins, C-Type, Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology, Macrophages/*metabolism, Mitogens/pharmacology, Picibanil/pharmacology, Pokeweed Mitogens/pharmacology, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*biosynthesis},
	author = {Nakata, K. and Inagawa, H. and Nishizawa, T. and Honda, T. and Kohchi, C. and Tonomoto, Y. and Yoshimura, H. and Nagasue, N. and Natori, S. and Terada, H. and Soma, G.}
}
@article {540,
	title = {[Cutaneous myiasis over tumor-lesions: presentation of three cases]},
	volume = {97},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalServicio de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. crisrubio1977@hotmail.comspahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=16540050},
	pages = {39 - 42},
	abstract = {We report three cases of myiasis in patients with tumor-lesions. The first patient, a 54-year-old male, presented with laryngeal carcinoma with extensive local involvement, forming a large tumorous mass on the front of the neck that had been irradiated, where several active larvae were seen. The other two patients, females aged 101 and 87 years, respectively, presented with skin tumors on the scalp and face, and several active larvae could be seen in these tumors. After microbiological examination of the larvae removed, the species in the first case was identified as Chrysomya, while the species in the other two cases was Sarcophaga. Several risk factors for developing myiasis have been described, such as advanced age, poor hygiene, diabetes mellitus, venous insufficiency, etc. These manifestations are self-limited, but in most cases treatment is necessary. This consists of cleaning and mechanical removal of visible larvae, with or without occlusion methods.},
	keywords = {Aged, 80 and over, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms/*complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myiasis/*complications, Skin Neoplasms/*complications},
	author = {Rubio, C. and Ladron de, G. uevara C. and Martin, M. A. and Campos, L. and Quesada, A. and Casado, M.}
}
@article {548,
	title = {A case of nasomyiasis whose agent was Sarcophaga sp},
	volume = {30},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Parasitology, State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey. turkmeral@hotmail.comenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17309040},
	pages = {330 - 332},
	abstract = {Sixteen larvae fell from the nose of a 16-year-old girl, who had been hospitalized in the anesthesia intensive care unit for 4 days because of a traffic accident and had been evaluated as E1M2V1 according to Glaskow Coma Scale. These larvae were examined macroscopically and microscopically and it was determined that they were second stage Sarcophage spp. larvae. There was no lesion in the nose of the patient},
	keywords = {Accidents, Traffic, Adolescent, Animals, Craniocerebral Trauma/complications, Diptera/*classification, Female, Glasgow Coma Scale, Humans, Larva/classification, Myiasis/complications/*parasitology, Nose Diseases/complications/*parasitology, Unconsciousness/classification/complications},
	author = {Turk, M. and Afsar, I. and Ozbel, Y. and Sener, A. G. and Uner, A. and Turker, M.}
}
@article {468,
	title = {Purification of a cysteine protease inhibitor from larval hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) and functional expression of the recombinant protein},
	volume = {37},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalLaboratory of Food Molecular Functionality, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17681235},
	pages = {960 - 968},
	abstract = {A cysteine protease inhibitor (CPI) with an apparent molecular mass of 11.5kDa was purified from larval hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 followed by hydrophobic and ion-exchange column chromatographies. The purified cysteine proteinase inhibitor, denoted as MsCPI, strongly inhibited the plant cysteine protease, papain, with a K(i) value of 5.5 x 10(-9)M. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a partial cDNA encoding MsCPI indicated that MsCPI consists of 105 amino acid residues in a sequence that is similar to sarcocystatin A from Sarcophaga peregrina. However, northern blotting and PCR analyses using the specific primers of MsCPI suggested that the mRNA encoding MsCPI had a size of more than 12 kilobases, which included at least six tandemly repeated MsCPI segments. MsCPI was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein effectively inhibited cysteine proteases from plants as well as from animals such as cathepsins B (K(i), 6.8 nM), H (3.0 nM), and L (0.87 nM). There was no inhibition exhibited toward trypsin, chymotrypsin, subtilisin, pepsin or themolysin.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cathepsins/drug effects/isolation \&amp, Cloning, Molecular, Conserved Sequence, Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/genetics/*isolation \&amp, development, DNA Primers, Escherichia coli/genetics, Hemolymph/*chemistry, Humans, inhibitors, Larva, Manduca/*growth \&amp, Molecular Sequence Data, Papain/antagonists \&amp, Polymerase Chain Reaction, purification/metabolism, purification/pharmacology, Recombinant Proteins/isolation \&amp, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid},
	author = {Miyaji, T. and Kouzuma, Y. and Yaguchi, J. and Matsumoto, R. and Kanost, M. R. and Kramer, K. J. and Yonekura, M.}
}
@article {364,
	title = {A case of myiasis in a patient with psoriasis from Turkey},
	volume = {57},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalEge University Faculty of Medicine Department of Parasitology, Izmir, Turkey. hande.dagci@ege.edu.trenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=18243777},
	pages = {239 - 241},
	abstract = {Myiasis infestations caused by the larvae of flies mostly belonging to Cyclorapha suborders are frequently encountered in Turkey, which is located in the subtropical zone. The skin is a common site for myiasis, and the infestations are likely to develop in infected tissues and poorly attended wounds of the skin. The case, a 30-year-old male patient, was diagnosed with psoriasis 18 years ago. He had psoriatic scales on his right big toe and was receiving corticosteroid and immunosuppressive drugs. A total of 11 fly larvae were removed from the infected right first toe of the patient. Structures of the stigmas seen in the cross-sections taken from the final segments of these larvae were examined and determined as Sarcophaga spp. larvae. Patients with infected tissues should be extremely cautious about their wound hygiene and take required fly control measures especially during summer as flies can find a suitable environment for sustenance.},
	keywords = {Adult, Animals, Arthritis, Psoriatic/*complications, development, Diptera/growth \&amp, Humans, Larva/growth \&amp, Male, Myiasis/*complications/parasitology/pathology, Skin Diseases, Parasitic/*complications/parasitology/pathology, Toes/*parasitology/pathology, Turkey},
	author = {Dagci, H. and Zeyrek, F. and Gerzile, Y. K. and Sahin, S. B. and Yagci, S. and Uner, A.}
}
@article {366,
	title = {Species composition surveys of synanthropic fly populations in northern peninsular Malaysia},
	volume = {25},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=18948886},
	pages = {145 - 153},
	abstract = {Three species composition surveys were conducted in a rural location in Kedah and an urban location in Pulau Pinang. Two of the surveys were conducted in November 2003, the first was at the Kedah site and the second was at the Pulau Pinang site. The third survey was conducted at the Pulau Pinang site again on the last week of April 2004. All these surveys were conducted one week prior to field evaluations of commercial chemical fly baits. The predominant species recovered from the surveys was the house fly, Musca domestica, which ranked first in prevalence in all three studies. Catches of Musca sorbens, Chrysoma megacephala and Lucillia cuprina were lower than M. domestica. Sarcophaga sp. was not present at the Kedah site and was only present at the Pulau Pinang site during the survey in April 2004. The other fly species present at the Kedah site were Megaselia sp., Psycoda sp., Piophila sp. and Fannia sp. These species were scarce and never exceeded 1\% of the total catch.},
	keywords = {Animals, Data Collection, Diptera/*classification, Humans, Malaysia, Population Dynamics},
	author = {Nurita, A. T. and Abu Hassan, A. and Nur Aida, H.}
}
@article {281,
	title = {The progression of circadian phase during light exposure in animals and humans},
	volume = {24},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Chronobiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. d.g.m.beersma@rug.nlenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19346452},
	pages = {153 - 160},
	abstract = {Studies in humans and mice revealed that circadian phase shifting effects of light are larger at the beginning of a light exposure interval than during subsequent exposure. Little is known about the dynamics of this response reduction phenomenon. Here the authors propose a method to obtain information on the progression of phase during light exposure. Phase response curves to intervals of light exposure over a wide range in duration are available for flesh flies, mice, and humans. By comparing the phase shifts induced by pulses of various durations but starting at the same circadian phase, the progression of phase during a long interval (hours) of light exposure is reconstructed for each of these 3 species. For flies, the phase progression curves show that light pulses-if long enough- eventually make the pacemaker stabilize around InT18 (near subjective dusk), as is typical for strong resetting. The progression of phase toward the final value never shows advances larger than 7 h, while delays can be as large as 18 h. By applying the phase progression curve method presented in this study, differences between advances and delays in type-0 phase response curves can be distinguished clearly. In flesh flies (Sarcophaga) this bifurcation between delays and advance occurs when light exposure starts at InT0 (subjective midnight). The present study confirms earlier findings in mice showing that the beginning of the light pulse generates stronger phase shifts than subsequent hours of light. Response reduction is complete within 1 h of exposure. It is argued that the variation is not so much due to light adaptation processes, but rather to response saturation. In contrast to light adaptation, response saturation is fundamental to proper functioning of the circadian pacemaker during natural entrainment. For understanding entrainment of the pacemaker to natural light, phase progression curves in which naturalistic light profiles are applied could be an important tool.},
	keywords = {*Light, *Photoperiod, Animals, Biological Clocks/physiology, Circadian Rhythm/*physiology, Diptera/physiology, Humans, Mice, Photic Stimulation},
	author = {Beersma, D. G. and Comas, M. and Hut, R. A. and Gordijn, M. C. and Rueger, M. and Daan, S.}
}
@article {38,
	title = {Contact angioedema and rhinoconjunctivitis caused by Dendrobaena species and Sarcophaga carnaria used as fishing bait},
	volume = {21},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {28-12-201106-02-2012Department of Allergology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=21721377},
	pages = {305 - 309},
	abstract = {The flesh fly Sarcophaga carnaria is commonly used as fishing bait. Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated reactions caused by the handling of this bait have been reported. The earthworm Dendrobaena species is increasingly being used as fishing bait but there have been no reported cases of allergy to this species to date. We studied a 26-year-old amateur angler who presented rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, and angioedema on handling S carnaria. He started to use Dendrobaena species instead but developed the same symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify the allergens involved in the patient{\textquoteright}s clinical reactions. The study was performed using immunoglobulin (Ig) E immunoblotting and immunoblotting inhibition assays.The patient{\textquoteright}s serum detected allergens from Dendrobaena species (of an apparent molecular weight of approximately 150, 60, 37, 24, 21 and 19 kDa) and S. carnaria (approximately 70 kDa and a smear ranging from 50 to 40 kDa). The patient was diagnosed with allergy to both Dendrobaena species and 5 carnaria. This is the first case describing Dendrobaena species as an allergic agent.},
	keywords = {Adult, Allergens/immunology, Animals, Conjunctivitis, Allergic/*etiology/immunology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*etiology/immunology, Hand Dermatoses/etiology/immunology, Hobbies, Humans, Immunoglobulin E/immunology, Larva, Male, Oligochaeta/*immunology, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/*etiology/immunology, Sarcophagidae/*immunology, Skin Tests},
	author = {Garcia-Loria, J. and Rodriguez-Perez, R. and Iglesias, A. and Moneo, I. and Caballero, M. L.}
}
