@article {1273,
	title = {Two new species of Sarcophaga (Sarcorohdendorfia) Baranov (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), parasitoids of Littoraria filosa (Sowerby) (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)},
	volume = {39},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {02-06-200306-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {236 - 240},
	author = {Pape, T. and McKillup, S.C. and McKillup, R. V.}
}
@article {1274,
	title = {Flies that are parasitoids of a marine snail: the larviposition behaviour and life cycles of Sarcophaga megafilosia and Sarcophaga meiofilosia},
	volume = {439},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {02-06-200306-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {141 - 149},
	author = {McKillup, S. C. and McKillup, R. V. and Pape, T.}
}
@article {1226,
	title = {The effects of two parasitoids on the life history and metapopulation structure of the intertidal snail Littoraria filosa in different-sized patches of mangrove forest},
	volume = {123},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {30-04-200406-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {525 - 534},
	author = {McKillup, S. C. and McKillup, R. V.}
}
@article {1081,
	title = {Flies that attack polymorphic snails on coloured backgrounds: selection for crypsis by a sarcophagid parasitoid of Littoraria filosa},
	volume = {77},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {Sarcophaga meiofilosia, S. megafilosia24-01-200306-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {367 - 377},
	author = {McKillup, S. C. and McKillup, R. V.}
}
@article {774,
	title = {The eastern Australian distributions of Sarcophaga megafilosia and S. meiofilosia, two flies that are parasitoids of littorinid snails},
	volume = {70},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {10-08-200906-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {103 - 106},
	author = {McKillup, S. C. and McKillup, R. V.}
}
@article {389,
	title = {Apostasy and selection for crypsis in the marine snail Littoraria filosa: an explanation for a balanced colour polymorphism},
	volume = {95},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {The marine snail, Littoraria filosa, is polymorphic for shell colour, with yellow, brown, and pink morphs that correspond in both appearance and frequency to the predominant background colours of its habitat. Previous research on this polymorphism has found indirect evidence of apostatic selection and selection for crypsis by unknown agents, probably crabs, and direct evidence of selection for crypsis by the parasitoid fly Sarcophaga megafilosia. In the present study, we report on field experiments to investigate whether S. megafilosia and shell-crushing predators exert apostatic selection on L. filosa. For S. megafilosia, seven experimental treatments containing yellow and brown snails in the proportions of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, and 0.9 of each colour were established on mangrove trees and used to separately quantify the proportions of each colour attacked on grey/brown trunks and yellow/green leaves. The results obtained confirmed an earlier finding of selection for crypsis, but only showed slight, but significant, anti-apostatic selection by S. megafilosia. For shell-crushing predators, seven experimental treatments containing yellow and brown snails in the proportions of 0.08, 0.17, 0.33, 0.50, 0.66, 0.83, and 0.92 were established on two types of trees that differed in their background proportions of brown and green: (1) trees which had been pruned of approximately 90\% of their foliage and (2) unpruned trees. The results obtained showed both selection for crypsis and apostatic selection. Furthermore, a selectively neutral frequency for yellow L. filosa was found for each background, and was less on pruned trees than unpruned ones (and vice versa for brown L. filosa), which can therefore account for the maintenance of a colour polymorphism where the proportions of each morph tend to resemble and correspond in frequency to the colours of the background29-09-200906-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {62 - 71},
	author = {McKillup, S. C. and McKillup, R. V.}
}
@article {163,
	title = {Intra-specific host preference for Littoraria filosa by the dipteran parasitoid Sarcophaga megafilosia: the consequences of attacking individuals outside the preferred size range},
	volume = {35},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {1. The marine snail, Littoraria filosa, lives on the leaves and trunks of mangroves. Populations of L. filosa are annual when its dipteran parasitoid Sarcophaga megafilosia is present, but perennial in its absence. 2. The size distribution of naturally occurring parasitised L. filosa suggests S. megafilosia has a distinct preference for snails with shells \&$\#$8805;10 mm long but, paradoxically, most individuals \&$\#$8805;18 mm long disappear from annual populations in late spring/early summer without appearing in the parasitised cohort. 3. When S. megafilosia was offered an unrestricted size range of L. filosa, only individuals >10 mm long were attacked and those from 19 to 20 mm long were preferred. 4. In no-choice experiments, L. filosa <10 mm long were parasitised but pupation did not occur. For L. filosa >23 mm long, most attacked snails succeeded in ejecting the parasitoid larva but often lost their grip on the wall or ceiling of the cage and fell. Littoraria filosa is unlikely to survive such dislodgement from mangrove trees. 5. These results can explain the different size distributions of live and parasitised snails in the field, including the disappearance of large snails that do not subsequently appear in the parasitised cohort. However, this does not explain the preference by S. megafilosia for L. filosa around 19{\textendash}20 mm for which more than 50\% of attacks failed. This preference may be also determined by increased parasitoid fecundity and longevity as snail size increases. 6. If small differences in host size affect parasitoid fitness, it may help explain why attempts at biological control using known parasitoids of an exotic species are often ineffective or unsuccessful31-08-201006-02-2012normalE-prints/M_authors/McKillup_McKillup_2010.pdf},
	pages = {108 - 114},
	author = {McKillup, S. C. and McKillup, R. V.}
}
