@article {4754,
	title = {An apholate-resistant strain of house flies. I. Resistance to other chemosterilants and to insecticides},
	volume = {62},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {29-12-201106-02-2012enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=5813509},
	pages = {334 - 338},
	keywords = {*Infertility, *Insect Control, *Insecticides, Chemosterilants/pharmacology, Female, Houseflies/*drug effects, Insecticide Resistance, Male},
	author = {Abasa, R. O. and Hansens, E. J.}
}
@article {646,
	title = {Nosocomial Oral Myiasis by Sarcophaga sp. in Turkey},
	volume = {46},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Parasitology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey. syazar@erciyes.edu.trenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=15988817},
	pages = {431 - 434},
	abstract = {We present a case of oral myiasis in a 15-year-old boy with tuberculosis meningitis. The diagnosis was based on the visual presence of wriggling larvae about 1 cm in size and on the microscopic features of the maggots, especially those relating to stigmatic structures. The larvae were identified as third-stage larvae of Sarcophaga sp.},
	keywords = {*Diptera, Adolescent, Animals, Cross Infection/microbiology/*parasitology, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Male, Mouth Diseases/complications/*parasitology, Myiasis/complications/*diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Meningeal/complications, Turkey},
	author = {Yazar, S. and Dik, B. and Yalcin, S. and Demirtas, F. and Yaman, O. and Ozturk, M. and Sahin, I.}
}
@article {540,
	title = {[Cutaneous myiasis over tumor-lesions: presentation of three cases]},
	volume = {97},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalServicio de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. crisrubio1977@hotmail.comspahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=16540050},
	pages = {39 - 42},
	abstract = {We report three cases of myiasis in patients with tumor-lesions. The first patient, a 54-year-old male, presented with laryngeal carcinoma with extensive local involvement, forming a large tumorous mass on the front of the neck that had been irradiated, where several active larvae were seen. The other two patients, females aged 101 and 87 years, respectively, presented with skin tumors on the scalp and face, and several active larvae could be seen in these tumors. After microbiological examination of the larvae removed, the species in the first case was identified as Chrysomya, while the species in the other two cases was Sarcophaga. Several risk factors for developing myiasis have been described, such as advanced age, poor hygiene, diabetes mellitus, venous insufficiency, etc. These manifestations are self-limited, but in most cases treatment is necessary. This consists of cleaning and mechanical removal of visible larvae, with or without occlusion methods.},
	keywords = {Aged, 80 and over, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms/*complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myiasis/*complications, Skin Neoplasms/*complications},
	author = {Rubio, C. and Ladron de, G. uevara C. and Martin, M. A. and Campos, L. and Quesada, A. and Casado, M.}
}
@article {547,
	title = {A nondiapausing variant of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, that shows arrhythmic adult eclosion and elevated expression of two circadian clock genes, period and timeless},
	volume = {52},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Biology \&amp; Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan. shingoto@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jpeng SI  - GENBANK/AB080235 SIhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17054977},
	pages = {1213 - 1218},
	abstract = {We describe a variant of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, which fails to enter pupal diapause in response to short daylength and low temperatures. This fly also has an arrhythmic adult eclosion pattern: rather than eclosing in early photophase, the variant ecloses arrhythmically throughout the photophase and scotophase. The loss of both diapause (photoperiodic response) and the gating of adult eclosion (presumably a circadian response) suggests that the same clock system is involved in these two responses. An examination of the expression patterns of the clock genes period and timeless demonstrates that both genes are present in the nondiapausing variant, but surprisingly, both genes are expressed at higher levels. This abnormality we observe, possibly the consequence of an upstream clock gene malfunction or a malfunction of the autoregulatory loop, results in disruption of a component of the clock system that is apparently needed for both photoperiodism and circadian rhythmicity.},
	keywords = {Animals, Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology, Diptera/genetics/*physiology, DNA Primers/chemistry, Drosophila Proteins/analysis/biosynthesis/genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics/*physiology, Insect Proteins/analysis/*biosynthesis/genetics, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Nuclear Proteins/analysis/biosynthesis/genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary, RNA, Messenger/analysis, Temperature, Time Factors},
	author = {Goto, S. G. and Han, B. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {463,
	title = {Morphology and physiology of the prosternal chordotonal organ of the sarcophagid fly Sarcophaga bullata (Parker)},
	volume = {53},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalUniversitat Gottingen, Institut fur Zoologie und Anthropologie, Berliner Strasse 28, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17362981},
	pages = {444 - 454},
	abstract = {The anatomy and the physiology of the prosternal chordotonal organ (pCO) within the prothorax of Sarcophaga bullata is analysed. Neuroanatomical studies illustrate that the approximately 35 sensory axons terminate within the median ventral association centre of the different neuromeres of the thoracico-abdominal ganglion. At the single-cell level two classes of receptor cells can be discriminated physiologically and morphologically: receptor cells with dorso-lateral branches in the mesothoracic neuromere are insensitive to frequencies below approximately 1 kHz. Receptor cells without such branches respond most sensitive at lower frequencies. Absolute thresholds vary between 0.2 and 8m/s(2) for different frequencies. The sensory information is transmitted to the brain via ascending interneurons. Functional analyses reveal a mechanical transmission of forced head rotations and of foreleg vibrations to the attachment site of the pCO. In summed action potential recordings a physiological correlate was found to stimuli with parameters of leg vibrations, rather than to those of head rotation. The data represent a first physiological study of a putative predecessor organ of an insect ear.},
	keywords = {Animals, Diptera/*anatomy \&amp, Female, histology/physiology, Interneurons/physiology, Male, Mechanoreceptors/*anatomy \&amp},
	author = {St{\"o}lting, H. and Stumpner, A. and Lakes-Harlan, R.}
}
@article {362,
	title = {Mating affects reproductive investment into eggs, but not the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {178},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA. dahahn@ifas.ufl.eduenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17957374},
	pages = {225 - 233},
	abstract = {We examined the effects of mating on reproductive investment and the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis by exposing females to males or not. All females exposed to males were mated within a few days and we found that mating affected reproductive investment. Virgin females not exposed to males produced a large clutch of eggs ( approximately 91), but females exposed to males and mated produced 10\% more. There was no effect of mating on egg length or mass. There was also no effect of mating on the timing of oogenesis. Females in both treatments provisioned their eggs at the same rate with yolk first becoming visible in the oocytes on day three of adulthood and complete provisioning of eggs occurring by the seventh day of adulthood. We examined the biochemical basis of egg provisioning by identifying the yolk proteins and quantifying their blood titer during the oogenic period in both, females exposed to males and mated and those not exposed to males. There was no difference in the timing of the first appearance, peak titer, or disappearance of yolk proteins in the blood between the two treatments. However, consistent with our observation of greater egg production in mated females, these females contained a greater peak yolk protein titer.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Diptera/*physiology, Egg Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Female, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Oocytes/*physiology, Oogenesis/*physiology, Oviposition/*physiology, Peptide Mapping, Reproduction/physiology, Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology},
	author = {Hahn, D. A. and Rourke, M. N. and Milne, K. R.}
}
@article {364,
	title = {A case of myiasis in a patient with psoriasis from Turkey},
	volume = {57},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalEge University Faculty of Medicine Department of Parasitology, Izmir, Turkey. hande.dagci@ege.edu.trenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=18243777},
	pages = {239 - 241},
	abstract = {Myiasis infestations caused by the larvae of flies mostly belonging to Cyclorapha suborders are frequently encountered in Turkey, which is located in the subtropical zone. The skin is a common site for myiasis, and the infestations are likely to develop in infected tissues and poorly attended wounds of the skin. The case, a 30-year-old male patient, was diagnosed with psoriasis 18 years ago. He had psoriatic scales on his right big toe and was receiving corticosteroid and immunosuppressive drugs. A total of 11 fly larvae were removed from the infected right first toe of the patient. Structures of the stigmas seen in the cross-sections taken from the final segments of these larvae were examined and determined as Sarcophaga spp. larvae. Patients with infected tissues should be extremely cautious about their wound hygiene and take required fly control measures especially during summer as flies can find a suitable environment for sustenance.},
	keywords = {Adult, Animals, Arthritis, Psoriatic/*complications, development, Diptera/growth \&amp, Humans, Larva/growth \&amp, Male, Myiasis/*complications/parasitology/pathology, Skin Diseases, Parasitic/*complications/parasitology/pathology, Toes/*parasitology/pathology, Turkey},
	author = {Dagci, H. and Zeyrek, F. and Gerzile, Y. K. and Sahin, S. B. and Yagci, S. and Uner, A.}
}
@article {280,
	title = {Mendelian inheritance of pupal diapause in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata},
	volume = {100},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 318 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=18836144},
	pages = {251 - 255},
	abstract = {Pupal diapause (dormancy) in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, is induced by short-day photoperiods and low temperature. In this study, the inheritance mode of diapause was investigated by crossing a nondiapausing (nd) strain of S. bullata with 2 diapausing strains having different diapause capacities. The results consistently indicated that diapause incidence is inherited in a simple Mendelian pattern, thus a single gene or a small gene cluster linked to the photoperiodic clock controls the seasonal response of diapause. The fact that the nd strain lacked daily rhythmicity in adult eclosion and showed altered expression of 2 circadian clock genes suggests that the photoperiodic and circadian clocks are related through a shared molecular component in S. bullata.},
	keywords = {Animals, Crosses, Genetic, development, Diptera/*genetics/*growth \&amp, Female, Inheritance Patterns/*genetics, Linkage (Genetics), Male, Metamorphosis, Biological/*genetics/physiology, Models, Genetic},
	author = {Han, B. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {289,
	title = {Preparation and preliminary biological screening of cholic acid-juvenoid conjugates},
	volume = {74},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. jurcek@ueb.cas.czenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19394354},
	pages = {779 - 785},
	abstract = {Steroidal compounds have been utilized as carriers and for modification of physico-chemical properties of model biologically active secondary alcohols - juvenoids. Juvenoids are juvenile hormone analogues - environmentally safe insecticides, possessing significant biological activity towards different arthropods groups in focus on insect pest species. Structure modification of juvenoids plays important role to control the rate of liberation and decomposition of juvenoid in digestive system and can also play important role in the mode of action towards selected insect. This study presents an approach to the synthesis of steroidal monomers and dimers carrying one and two molecules of a juvenoid in their structures. The prepared compounds were tested for their inhibition activity on reproduction of the blowfly Neobellieria (Sarcophaga) bullata. These steroid-juvenoid conjugates showed promising possibilities in synthesis of new unique biochemical insecticides. Preliminary biological test results of prepared compounds are presented.},
	keywords = {Animals, Cell Proliferation/drug effects, Cholic Acid/*chemistry, development, Dimerization, Diptera/cytology/drug effects/growth \&amp, Epithelial Cells/cytology/drug effects, Female, Juvenile Hormones/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Larva/drug effects/growth \&amp, Male, Pesticides/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Reproduction/drug effects},
	author = {Jurcek, O. and Wimmer, Z. and Svobodova, H. and Bennettova, B. and Kolehmainen, E. and Drasar, P.}
}
@article {38,
	title = {Contact angioedema and rhinoconjunctivitis caused by Dendrobaena species and Sarcophaga carnaria used as fishing bait},
	volume = {21},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {28-12-201106-02-2012Department of Allergology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=21721377},
	pages = {305 - 309},
	abstract = {The flesh fly Sarcophaga carnaria is commonly used as fishing bait. Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated reactions caused by the handling of this bait have been reported. The earthworm Dendrobaena species is increasingly being used as fishing bait but there have been no reported cases of allergy to this species to date. We studied a 26-year-old amateur angler who presented rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, and angioedema on handling S carnaria. He started to use Dendrobaena species instead but developed the same symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify the allergens involved in the patient{\textquoteright}s clinical reactions. The study was performed using immunoglobulin (Ig) E immunoblotting and immunoblotting inhibition assays.The patient{\textquoteright}s serum detected allergens from Dendrobaena species (of an apparent molecular weight of approximately 150, 60, 37, 24, 21 and 19 kDa) and S. carnaria (approximately 70 kDa and a smear ranging from 50 to 40 kDa). The patient was diagnosed with allergy to both Dendrobaena species and 5 carnaria. This is the first case describing Dendrobaena species as an allergic agent.},
	keywords = {Adult, Allergens/immunology, Animals, Conjunctivitis, Allergic/*etiology/immunology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*etiology/immunology, Hand Dermatoses/etiology/immunology, Hobbies, Humans, Immunoglobulin E/immunology, Larva, Male, Oligochaeta/*immunology, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/*etiology/immunology, Sarcophagidae/*immunology, Skin Tests},
	author = {Garcia-Loria, J. and Rodriguez-Perez, R. and Iglesias, A. and Moneo, I. and Caballero, M. L.}
}
@article {39,
	title = {Physiological trade-offs of forming maggot masses by necrophagous flies on vertebrate carrion},
	volume = {101},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {28-12-201106-02-2012Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, 4501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21210, USA. drivers@loyola.eduenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=21729395},
	pages = {599 - 611},
	abstract = {Necrophagous flies that colonize human and animal corpses are extremely efficient at locating and utilizing carrion. Adult flies deposit eggs or larvae on the ephemeral food resource, which signals the beginning of intense inter- and intra-species competition. Within a short period of time after egg hatch, large larval aggregations or maggot masses form. A period of intense larval feeding ensues that will culminate with consumption/decomposition of all soft tissues associated with the corpse. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of these feeding aggregations is heat production; that is, the capacity to generate internal heat that can exceed ambient temperatures by 30 degrees C or more. While observations of maggot mass formation and heat generation have been described in the research literature for more than 50 years, our understanding of maggot masses, particularly the physiological ecology of the aggregations as a whole, is rudimentary. In this review, an examination of what is known about the formation of maggot masses is presented, as well as arguments for the physiological benefits and limitations of developing in feeding aggregations that, at times, can represent regions of intense competition, overcrowded conditions, or a microclimate with elevated temperatures approaching or exceeding proteotoxic stress levels.},
	keywords = {*Feeding Behavior, Animals, Competitive Behavior, Female, Forensic Sciences, Hot Temperature, Larva/physiology, Male, Population Density, Reproduction, Sarcophagidae/*physiology, Vertebrates/parasitology},
	author = {Rivers, D. B. and Thompson, C. and Brogan, R.}
}
