@article {283,
	title = {Possible involvement of distinct photoreceptors in the photoperiodic induction of diapause in the flesh fly Sarcophaga similis},
	volume = {55},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan. shingoto@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jpenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19084533},
	pages = {401 - 407},
	abstract = {Physiological characteristics of the photoreceptors involved in the photoperiodic induction of diapause were investigated in the flesh fly Sarcophaga similis. Both the early and late phases of scotophase were sensitive to light and a light pulse during each of these phases prevented diapause. Certain physiological differences between the phases were, nevertheless, detected. Compared with early scotophase, late scotophase required a light pulse with a long period and a large number of night interruption photoperiodic cycles in order to effectively prevent diapause. The diapause-averting effects of a light pulse during early scotophase were canceled by an additional long dark period, but those during late scotophase were not. Thus, the diapause-averting effects produced during early scotophase are different to those produced during late scotophase. The early scotophase was sensitive to light at wavelengths of 470nm or shorter, but not to light of 583nm or longer. In contrast, the late scotophase was sensitive to light of a broad range of wavelengths, ranging from 395 to 660nm. Furthermore, the early scotophase was considerably more sensitive to monochromatic light with low photon flux density than the late scotophase. These results suggest that different types of photoreceptor are involved in the photoperiodic response.},
	keywords = {Animals, development/physiology/*radiation effects, development/physiology/radiation effects, Diptera/*growth \&amp, Female, Larva/growth \&amp, Light, Photoperiod, Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology/*radiation effects},
	author = {Goto, S. G. and Numata, H.}
}
@article {285,
	title = {Clock genes period and timeless are rhythmically expressed in brains of newly hatched, photosensitive larvae of the fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {55},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalBiology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 370 05, Czech Republic. kostal@entu.cas.czenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19186184},
	pages = {408 - 414},
	abstract = {While roles of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) are relatively well understood in relation to circadian clocks, their potential roles in insect photoperiodism remain enigmatic. In this study, the expression of per and tim genes under two contrasting photoperiods is described in the central nervous system of photoperiodically sensitive, newly hatched first instar larvae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis. Using qPCR, diel oscillations were observed in the mRNA levels of both genes under long-day (15 h light:9h dark, promotes direct development) and short-day conditions (11 h light:13 h dark, induces pupal diapause). Peak per and tim mRNA oscillations were closely associated with the light/dark transition. The conspicuous difference between the two photoperiodic conditions was that the sharp increase in per and tim mRNA abundance occurred during the light phase under long days but during the dark phase under short days. The diel oscillations were, at least in part, driven by an endogenous component, as demonstrated by transferring larvae to continuous darkness. The cells displaying Tim- and Per-like immunoreactivities (Tim- and Per-LIRs) were localized using anti-Drosophila-Per and anti-Chymomyza-Tim antibodies. Per-LIR and Tim-LIR co-localized in three groups of cells in each brain hemisphere. Two other groups, one in the brain hemispheres and the other in the fused ventral nerve ganglion, expressed only the Per-LIR.},
	keywords = {*Gene Expression/radiation effects, Animals, Brain/metabolism/radiation effects, Circadian Rhythm/radiation effects, development/metabolism/radiation effects, Diptera/*genetics/growth \&amp, Female, Insect Proteins/*genetics/metabolism, Larva/genetics/growth \&amp, Light, Photoperiod, Protein Transport},
	author = {Kostal, V. and Zavodska, R. and Denlinger, D.}
}
