@article {766,
	title = {Isolation and characterization of a C-type lectin cDNA specifically expressed in the tip of mouthparts of the flesh fly Sarcophaga peregrina},
	volume = {13},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalPhysiology and Genetic Regulation Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. mamiy3@nias.affrc.go.jpenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=15056360},
	pages = {133 - 140},
	abstract = {We have isolated a novel gene, CLEM 36, of the flesh fly Sarcophaga peregrina, which shows significant homology to the C-type lectin family. CLEM 36 mRNA was transcribed excessively from the second day after eclosion only in the tip of mouthparts. Whole mount in situ hybridization showed that CLEM 36 mRNA was expressed in the C-type lectin-producing tissue (CLPT) located at the entrance of the food canal and between the labellum and haustellum. Immunoblot analysis showed that the mature form of CLEM 36 protein was synthesized in the CLPT, then secreted into saliva. Our results indicate that CLEM 36 protein may play an important role in biological defence against pathogens during the food intake of this insect.},
	keywords = {*Gene Expression Profiling, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Diptera/*genetics/immunology, DNA, Complementary/genetics, Immunoblotting, In Situ Hybridization, Lectins, C-Type/*genetics/isolation \&amp, Molecular Sequence Data, Mouth/*metabolism, purification, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Saliva/chemistry, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis, DNA},
	author = {Yamamoto-Kihara, M. and Kotani, E.}
}
@article {649,
	title = {A virus essential for insect host-parasite interactions encodes cystatins},
	volume = {79},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalInstitut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l{\textquoteright}Insecte, UMR CNRS 6035, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, Tours.eng SI  - GENBANK/AJ632321http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=16014938},
	pages = {9765 - 9776},
	abstract = {Cotesia congregata is a parasitoid wasp that injects its eggs in the host caterpillar Manduca sexta. In this host-parasite interaction, successful parasitism is ensured by a third partner: a bracovirus. The relationship between parasitic wasps and bracoviruses constitutes one of the few known mutualisms between viruses and eukaryotes. The C. congregata bracovirus (CcBV) is injected at the same time as the wasp eggs in the host hemolymph. Expression of viral genes alters the caterpillar{\textquoteright}s immune defense responses and developmental program, resulting in the creation of a favorable environment for the survival and emergence of adult parasitoid wasps. Here, we describe the characterization of a CcBV multigene family which is highly expressed during parasitism and which encodes three proteins with homology to members of the cystatin superfamily. Cystatins are tightly binding, reversible inhibitors of cysteine proteases. Other cysteine protease inhibitors have been described for lepidopteran viruses; however, this is the first description of the presence of cystatins in a viral genome. The expression and purification of a recombinant form of one of the CcBV cystatins, cystatin 1, revealed that this viral cystatin is functional having potent inhibitory activity towards the cysteine proteases papain, human cathepsins L and B and Sarcophaga cathepsin B in assays in vitro. CcBV cystatins are, therefore, likely to play a role in host caterpillar physiological deregulation by inhibiting host target proteases in the course of the host-parasite interaction.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Cathepsins/antagonists \&amp, Cystatins/genetics/isolation \&amp, Diptera/enzymology, Genes, Viral, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, inhibitors, Manduca/*parasitology, Molecular Sequence Data, Multigene Family/physiology, OID - NLM: PMC1181612, Ovum/virology, Papain/antagonists \&amp, PMC - PMC1181612, Polydnaviridae/*metabolism, purification/*metabolism/pharmacology, Sequence Alignment, Wasps/*metabolism/*physiology/virology},
	author = {Espagne, E. and Douris, V. and Lalmanach, G. and Provost, B. and Cattolico, L. and Lesobre, J. and Kurata, S. and Iatrou, K. and Drezen, J. M. and Huguet, E.}
}
@article {288,
	title = {Two hsp23 genes in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata: structural characterization, heat shock regulation and developmental expression},
	volume = {18},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Biology, University of Patras, Greece.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19320758},
	pages = {171 - 181},
	abstract = {In the present study, we characterized a 3320-bp genomic DNA fragment encoding two medfly (Ceratitis capitata) homologues of the Drosophila melanogaster heat shock protein 23 (hsp23) gene, named Cchsp23-alphaand -beta. The two medfly hsp23 genes are transcribed in opposite directions and encode two almost identical proteins. Furthermore, the two genes exhibit a very high degree of similarity in their 5{\textquoteright} untranslated and proximal promoter regions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the CcHsp23 proteins are orthologous to Drosophila Hsp23 and Sarcophaga crassipalpis Hsp23. Structural analysis of the 5{\textquoteright} flanking regions of the Cchsp23 genes revealed the presence of several putative heat shock elements. Both CcHsp23 genes are induced by heat in a similar manner. In addition to heat-induction, the Cchsp23 genes are expressed at several stages of normal development as well as in ovaries and testes. In general, the developmental expression patterns of the medfly genes are similar, suggesting that they are under similar regulatory mechanisms. However, the expression of the Cchsp23 genes differs significantly from the expression of the Drosophila hsp23 gene in certain embryonic and larval stages, suggesting differential regulation of the hsp23 genes in the two dipteran species. The expression of both Cchsp23 genes in adult flies is increased with age, especially in males.},
	keywords = {*Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, *Genes, Insect, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Ceratitis capitata/*genetics, Drosophila, Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism, Heat-Shock Response/*genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Restriction Mapping, Sequence Alignment},
	author = {Kokolakis, G. and Kritsidima, M. and Tkachenko, T. and Mintzas, A. C.}
}
