@article {279,
	title = {Extended FMRFamides in dipteran insects: conservative expression in the neuroendocrine system is accompanied by rapid sequence evolution},
	volume = {162},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of General Zoology and Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Erbertstr. 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=18789334},
	pages = {52 - 58},
	abstract = {Extended FMRFamides are found throughout the central nervous system (CNS) of insects and exhibit diverse physiological effects on different target organs, such as muscles, intestine, and the nervous system. The genes encoding for extended FMRFamides are known from a number of flies, including Drosophila species, and the pest insects Lucilia cuprina, Calliphora vomitoria, and Musca domestica. No data, however, exist about the expression of the numerous paralogs of the latter three species, and studies on Drosophila melanogaster resulted in controversial findings. We could unambiguously verify, that all predictable products of the extended FMRFamide precursor are expressed in neurohemal tissues of the thoracic neuromers of these flies and can easily be identified and also sequenced by using single specimens. In addition to the confirmation of extended FMRFamides in species with known precursor sequences, the current knowledge about homologous peptides of Sarcophaga (=Neobellieria) bullata could be extended by de novo sequencing using tandem mass spectrometry. The most intriguing finding in this study was the detection of an internal gene duplication, followed by an amino acid substitution, in an insecticide-resistant strain of L. cuprina. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of such an intraspecific event and confirms the low conservation of the extended FMRFamide gene sequences. In insects, no other neuropeptide family is known that shows such sequence variability between related species.},
	keywords = {*Evolution, Molecular, *Genetic Variation, Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acid Substitution, Animals, Diptera/*genetics/metabolism, FMRFamide/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Gene Duplication, Houseflies/genetics/metabolism, Phylogeny, Protein Precursors/chemistry/metabolism, Sequence Analysis, Protein, Species Specificity, Tandem Mass Spectrometry},
	author = {Rahman, M. M. and Fromm, B. and Neupert, S. and Kreusch, S. and Predel, R.}
}
@article {288,
	title = {Two hsp23 genes in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata: structural characterization, heat shock regulation and developmental expression},
	volume = {18},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Biology, University of Patras, Greece.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19320758},
	pages = {171 - 181},
	abstract = {In the present study, we characterized a 3320-bp genomic DNA fragment encoding two medfly (Ceratitis capitata) homologues of the Drosophila melanogaster heat shock protein 23 (hsp23) gene, named Cchsp23-alphaand -beta. The two medfly hsp23 genes are transcribed in opposite directions and encode two almost identical proteins. Furthermore, the two genes exhibit a very high degree of similarity in their 5{\textquoteright} untranslated and proximal promoter regions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the CcHsp23 proteins are orthologous to Drosophila Hsp23 and Sarcophaga crassipalpis Hsp23. Structural analysis of the 5{\textquoteright} flanking regions of the Cchsp23 genes revealed the presence of several putative heat shock elements. Both CcHsp23 genes are induced by heat in a similar manner. In addition to heat-induction, the Cchsp23 genes are expressed at several stages of normal development as well as in ovaries and testes. In general, the developmental expression patterns of the medfly genes are similar, suggesting that they are under similar regulatory mechanisms. However, the expression of the Cchsp23 genes differs significantly from the expression of the Drosophila hsp23 gene in certain embryonic and larval stages, suggesting differential regulation of the hsp23 genes in the two dipteran species. The expression of both Cchsp23 genes in adult flies is increased with age, especially in males.},
	keywords = {*Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, *Genes, Insect, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Ceratitis capitata/*genetics, Drosophila, Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism, Heat-Shock Response/*genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Restriction Mapping, Sequence Alignment},
	author = {Kokolakis, G. and Kritsidima, M. and Tkachenko, T. and Mintzas, A. C.}
}
