@article {363,
	title = {Diapause hormone in the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea: optimum temperature for activity, structure-activity relationships, and efficacy in accelerating flesh fly pupariation},
	volume = {29},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Entomology, Ohio State University, 318 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=18206265},
	pages = {196 - 205},
	abstract = {Diapause hormone (DH) effectively terminated pupal diapause in Helicoverpa zea. This effect was temperature-dependent, with an optimum of 21 degrees C. The dose-response curve indicated an ED50 of DH for diapause termination of approximately 100 pmol. The core sequence and essential amino acids were determined by bioassays using modified and truncated DH analogs. A C-terminal hepta-peptide, LWFGPRLa, was the core sequence required for diapause termination. Activity was lost when Alanine was substituted for any of the amino acids in the hepta-peptide, with the exception of Glycine. A fragment series of analogs suggested that the amide and Arginine were the most important components needed for terminating diapause. Leucine, Tryptophan, and Phenylalanine at the N-terminus of the hepta-peptide were also critical for activity. The C-terminal Leucine was less important: deletion resulted in decreased activity, although it could not be substituted by Alanine. The fact that a portion of the DH sequence is similar to the pyrokinin that accelerates fly pupariation prompted us to also evaluate the capability of DH to accelerate development in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata. The threshold dose of DH essential to accelerate fly pupariation was 5 pmol for immobilization/retraction and longitudinal contraction and 10 pmol for tanning, approximately one or two orders of magnitude lower than the effective dose required for diapause termination in H. zea. Tensiometric measurements revealed that DH affected neuromuscular patterns of pupariation behavior and associated cuticular changes in a manner similar to that of the fly pyrokinins and their analogs.},
	keywords = {*Temperature, Amino Acid Substitution, Animals, development, Diptera/*growth \&amp, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Larva/drug effects/growth \&amp, Lepidoptera/*growth \&amp, Muscle Contraction/drug effects, Neuropeptides/chemistry/*pharmacology, Peptide Fragments/pharmacology, Pupa/drug effects/growth \&amp, Structure-Activity Relationship},
	author = {Zhang, Q. and Zd{\textquoteright}arek, J. and Nachman, R. J. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {289,
	title = {Preparation and preliminary biological screening of cholic acid-juvenoid conjugates},
	volume = {74},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. jurcek@ueb.cas.czenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19394354},
	pages = {779 - 785},
	abstract = {Steroidal compounds have been utilized as carriers and for modification of physico-chemical properties of model biologically active secondary alcohols - juvenoids. Juvenoids are juvenile hormone analogues - environmentally safe insecticides, possessing significant biological activity towards different arthropods groups in focus on insect pest species. Structure modification of juvenoids plays important role to control the rate of liberation and decomposition of juvenoid in digestive system and can also play important role in the mode of action towards selected insect. This study presents an approach to the synthesis of steroidal monomers and dimers carrying one and two molecules of a juvenoid in their structures. The prepared compounds were tested for their inhibition activity on reproduction of the blowfly Neobellieria (Sarcophaga) bullata. These steroid-juvenoid conjugates showed promising possibilities in synthesis of new unique biochemical insecticides. Preliminary biological test results of prepared compounds are presented.},
	keywords = {Animals, Cell Proliferation/drug effects, Cholic Acid/*chemistry, development, Dimerization, Diptera/cytology/drug effects/growth \&amp, Epithelial Cells/cytology/drug effects, Female, Juvenile Hormones/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Larva/drug effects/growth \&amp, Male, Pesticides/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Reproduction/drug effects},
	author = {Jurcek, O. and Wimmer, Z. and Svobodova, H. and Bennettova, B. and Kolehmainen, E. and Drasar, P.}
}
