@article {651,
	title = {A peptide from insects protects transgenic tobacco from a parasitic weed},
	volume = {14},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalVirginia Tech, Department of Plant Pathology, Phlysiology, and Weed Science, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=16145831},
	pages = {227 - 236},
	abstract = {Parasitic plants present some of the most intractable weed problems for agriculture in much of the world. Species of root parasites such as Orobanche can cause enormous yield losses, yet few control measures are effective and affordable. An ideal solution to this problem is the development of parasite-resistant crops, but this goal has been elusive for most susceptible crops. Here we report a mechanism for resistance to the parasitic angiosperm Orobanche based on expression of sarcotoxin IA in transgenic tobacco. Sarcotoxin IA is a 40-residue peptide with antibiotic activity, originally isolated from the fly, Sarcophaga peregrina. The sarcotoxin IA gene was fused to an Orobanche-inducible promoter, HMG2, which is induced locally in the host root at the point of contact with the parasite, and used to transform tobacco. The resulting transgenic plants accumulated more biomass than non-transformed plants in the presence of parasites. Furthermore, plants expressing sarcotoxin IA showed enhanced resistance to O. aegyptiaca as evidenced by abnormal parasite development and higher parasite mortality after attachment as compared to non-transformed plants. The transgenic plants were similar in appearance to non-transformed plants suggesting that sarcotoxin IA is not detrimental to the host.},
	keywords = {*Plant Diseases, Animals, Diptera/genetics, HMGB2 Protein/genetics, Insect Proteins/*genetics/metabolism, Orobanche/*physiology, Plants, Genetically Modified, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Tobacco/*genetics/metabolism, Transfection},
	author = {Hamamouch, N. and Westwood, J. H. and Banner, I. and Cramer, C. L. and Gepstein, S. and Aly, R.}
}
@article {285,
	title = {Clock genes period and timeless are rhythmically expressed in brains of newly hatched, photosensitive larvae of the fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {55},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalBiology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 370 05, Czech Republic. kostal@entu.cas.czenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19186184},
	pages = {408 - 414},
	abstract = {While roles of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) are relatively well understood in relation to circadian clocks, their potential roles in insect photoperiodism remain enigmatic. In this study, the expression of per and tim genes under two contrasting photoperiods is described in the central nervous system of photoperiodically sensitive, newly hatched first instar larvae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis. Using qPCR, diel oscillations were observed in the mRNA levels of both genes under long-day (15 h light:9h dark, promotes direct development) and short-day conditions (11 h light:13 h dark, induces pupal diapause). Peak per and tim mRNA oscillations were closely associated with the light/dark transition. The conspicuous difference between the two photoperiodic conditions was that the sharp increase in per and tim mRNA abundance occurred during the light phase under long days but during the dark phase under short days. The diel oscillations were, at least in part, driven by an endogenous component, as demonstrated by transferring larvae to continuous darkness. The cells displaying Tim- and Per-like immunoreactivities (Tim- and Per-LIRs) were localized using anti-Drosophila-Per and anti-Chymomyza-Tim antibodies. Per-LIR and Tim-LIR co-localized in three groups of cells in each brain hemisphere. Two other groups, one in the brain hemispheres and the other in the fused ventral nerve ganglion, expressed only the Per-LIR.},
	keywords = {*Gene Expression/radiation effects, Animals, Brain/metabolism/radiation effects, Circadian Rhythm/radiation effects, development/metabolism/radiation effects, Diptera/*genetics/growth \&amp, Female, Insect Proteins/*genetics/metabolism, Larva/genetics/growth \&amp, Light, Photoperiod, Protein Transport},
	author = {Kostal, V. and Zavodska, R. and Denlinger, D.}
}
