@article {374,
	title = {Mapping the peptide and protein immune response in the larvae of the fleshfly Sarcophaga bullata},
	volume = {14},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {We chose the larvae of fleshfly Sarcophaga bullata to map the peptide and protein immune response. The hemolymph of the third-instar larvae of S. bullata was used for isolation. The larvae were injected with bacterial suspension to induce an antimicrobial response. The hemolymph was separated into crude fractions, which were subdivided by RP-HPLC, gel electrophoresis, and free-flow electrophoresis. In several fractions, we determined significant antimicrobial activities against the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among antimicrobially active compounds we identified dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-tyrosine, protein transferrin, and two variants of peptide sapecin. We also partially characterized two novel antimicrobially active polypeptides; odorant-binding protein 99b, and a peptide which remains unidentified02-10-200906-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {670 - 682},
	author = {Ciencialova, A. and Neubauerova, T. and Sanda, M. and Sindelka, R. and Cvacka, J. and Voburka, Z. and Budesinsky, M. and Kasicka, V. and Sazelova, P. and Solinova, V. and Mackova, M. and Koutek, B. and Jiracek, J.}
}
@article {292,
	title = {Gene expression responses in larvae of the fleshfly Sarcophaga bullata after immune stimulation},
	volume = {55},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=19545489},
	pages = {98 - 106},
	abstract = {Insect larvae develop in decaying organic matter and their defence against various microorganisms must therefore be highly efficient. In the present study, we explored the transcriptional kinetics and induction levels of eight genes in Sarcophaga bullata larvae after infection or aseptic injury. Using real-time PCR, we studied the time-dependent immune response of larvae of the fleshfly S. bullata. We compared the mRNA levels of eight selected genes in induced and non-induced larvae. The third-instar larvae of S. bullata were induced by injecting a bacterial suspension of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or by simple aseptic injury with an entomological pin. We used intact larvae as a control for basal mRNA expression. Total RNA was isolated from the whole body, fat body and haemocytes. We determined the mRNA levels of genes encoding sapecin, transferrin, prophenoloxidase 1 and 2, storage-binding protein, cathe psin L, sarcocystatin, and 26/29 kDa protease. We found that there was massive up-regulation of genes encoding the fleshfly peptide sapecin, as well as the protein transferrin. We also detected down-regulation of, or no change in, the expression of genes that encode prophenoloxidase 1 and 2, storage-binding protein, cathepsin L, sarcocystatin, and 26/29 kDa protease.},
	keywords = {*Gene Expression Regulation, Animals, Diptera/*genetics/*immunology/microbiology, Escherichia coli/immunology, Larva/genetics/immunology/microbiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Staphylococcus/immunology},
	author = {Masova, A. and Sindelka, R. and Kubista, M. and Kindl, J. and Jiracek, J.}
}
