@article {647,
	title = {Temporal expression patterns of diapause-associated genes in flesh fly pupae from the onset of diapause through post-diapause quiescence},
	volume = {51},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Entomology, Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. salh@liv.ac.ukenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=15993127},
	pages = {631 - 640},
	abstract = {Distinct differences in the temporal expression patterns of genes associated with pupal diapause were noted in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis. The first change observed was a decline in expression of the gene encoding heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) 2 days after pupariation (1 day before the pupa reaches the phanerocephalic stage characteristic of diapause). In contrast, hsp23 and hsp70 transcripts were undetectable in nondiapause samples and d1-d4 diapause-programmed pupae, but were up-regulated just after the start of diapause, 5 days after pupariation. An increase of glycerol content in diapausing pupae was also noted at the start of diapause. The gene encoding proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) was diapause down-regulated, and this occurred in two phases, with the first decline in expression 7 days after pupariation and a second decline in the level of expression on day 14. For pupae held at 20 degrees C for 20 days and transferred to 10 degrees C, diapause ended after 90-100 days at the lower temperature. However, pupae remained in a state of post-diapause quiescence (d100-d150) and sustained diapause-like hsp and pcna expression patterns until adult development was initiated. Glycerol concentrations and survival declined during the post-diapause phase. This study suggests a distinct sequence in the pattern of gene expression at the onset of diapause, but the genes we have monitored do not contribute to the switch to covert developmental potential at the transition from diapause to post-diapause quiescence.},
	keywords = {Animals, Cold Temperature, Diptera/*physiology, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*physiology, Glycerol/metabolism, Heat-Shock Proteins/*biosynthesis, Insect Proteins/*biosynthesis, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/*metabolism, Pupa/physiology, Seasons, Time Factors},
	author = {Hayward, S. A. L. and Pavlides, S. C. and Tammariello, S. P. and Rinehart, J. P. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {547,
	title = {A nondiapausing variant of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, that shows arrhythmic adult eclosion and elevated expression of two circadian clock genes, period and timeless},
	volume = {52},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Biology \&amp; Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan. shingoto@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jpeng SI  - GENBANK/AB080235 SIhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17054977},
	pages = {1213 - 1218},
	abstract = {We describe a variant of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, which fails to enter pupal diapause in response to short daylength and low temperatures. This fly also has an arrhythmic adult eclosion pattern: rather than eclosing in early photophase, the variant ecloses arrhythmically throughout the photophase and scotophase. The loss of both diapause (photoperiodic response) and the gating of adult eclosion (presumably a circadian response) suggests that the same clock system is involved in these two responses. An examination of the expression patterns of the clock genes period and timeless demonstrates that both genes are present in the nondiapausing variant, but surprisingly, both genes are expressed at higher levels. This abnormality we observe, possibly the consequence of an upstream clock gene malfunction or a malfunction of the autoregulatory loop, results in disruption of a component of the clock system that is apparently needed for both photoperiodism and circadian rhythmicity.},
	keywords = {Animals, Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology, Diptera/genetics/*physiology, DNA Primers/chemistry, Drosophila Proteins/analysis/biosynthesis/genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics/*physiology, Insect Proteins/analysis/*biosynthesis/genetics, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Nuclear Proteins/analysis/biosynthesis/genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary, RNA, Messenger/analysis, Temperature, Time Factors},
	author = {Goto, S. G. and Han, B. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {467,
	title = {Shifts in the carbohydrate, polyol, and amino acid pools during rapid cold-hardening and diapause-associated cold-hardening in flesh flies (Sarcophaga crassipalpis): a metabolomic comparison},
	volume = {177},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Entomology, Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1242, USA. michaud.11@osu.eduenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17576567},
	pages = {753 - 763},
	abstract = {Flesh flies can enhance their cold hardiness by entering a photoperiod-induced pupal diapause or by a temperature-induced rapid cold-hardening process. To determine whether the same or different metabolites are involved in these two responses, derivatized polar extracts from flesh flies subjected to these treatments were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). This metabolomic approach demonstrated that levels of metabolites involved in glycolysis (glycerol, glucose, alanine, pyruvate) were elevated by both treatments. Metabolites elevated uniquely in response to rapid cold-hardening include glutamine, cystathionine, sorbitol, and urea while levels of beta-alanine, ornithine, trehalose, and mannose levels were reduced. Rapid cold-hardening also uniquely perturbed the urea cycle. In addition to the elevated metabolites shared with rapid cold-hardening, leucine concentrations were uniquely elevated during diapause while levels of a number of other amino acids were reduced. Pools of two aerobic metabolic intermediates, fumarate and citrate, were reduced during diapause, indicating a reduction of Krebs cycle activity. Principal component analysis demonstrated that rapid cold-hardening and diapause are metabolically distinct from their untreated, non-diapausing counterparts. We discuss the possible contribution of each altered metabolite in enhancing the overall cold hardiness of the organism, as well as the efficacy of GC-MS metabolomics for investigating insect physiological systems.},
	keywords = {*Carbohydrate Metabolism, *Cold Temperature, Amino Acids/*metabolism, Animals, Diptera/metabolism/*physiology, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Models, Biological, Polymers/*metabolism, Principal Component Analysis, Time Factors},
	author = {Michaud, M. R. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
