@article {2998,
	title = {Ontogeny of cold-hardiness in diapausing and nondiapausing stages of the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {85},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {5},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {2999,
	title = {Ontogeny of cold-hardiness in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {22},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {632},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {3000,
	title = {Cold tolerance in diapausing and non-diapausing stages of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {10},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {309 - 315},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {2829,
	title = {Freezing intolerance, an insect model system},
	volume = {23},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {578 - 579},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Denlinger, D. L. and Chen, C. -P. and Meacham, M.}
}
@article {2697,
	title = {Responses of non-diapausing flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) to low rearing temperatures: developmental rate, cold tolerance, and glycerol concentrations},
	volume = {80},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {790 - 796},
	author = {Chen, C. -P. and Denlinger, D. L. and Lee, R. E., Jr.}
}
@article {2698,
	title = {Cold-shock injury and rapid cold hardening in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {60},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {297 - 304},
	author = {Chen, C. -P. and Denlinger, D. L. and Lee, R. E., Jr.}
}
@article {2655,
	title = {Ontogenetic patterns of cold-hardiness and glycerol production in Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {33},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {587 - 592},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Chen, C. -P. and Meacham, M. H. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {2656,
	title = {Cold shock and rapid cold-hardening in nonoverewintering insects},
	volume = {24},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {569},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Chen, C. -P. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {2657,
	title = {A rapid cold-hardening process in insects},
	volume = {238},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {1415 - 1417},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Chen, C. -P. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {2502,
	title = {Insect cold hardiness and diapause: regulatory relationships},
	volume = {33},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {243 - 262},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Denlinger, D. L. and Chen, C. -P.}
}
@article {2265,
	title = {A comparison of the responses of tropical and temperate flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) to cold and heat stress},
	volume = {160},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {Peckia abnormis, Sarcodexia sternodontis, Sarcophaga crassipalpis, Sarcophaga bullata, Blaesoxipha plinthopyga31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {543 - 547},
	author = {Chen, C. -P. and Lee, R. E., Jr. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {2128,
	title = {Developmental and metabolic changes induced b anoxia in diapausing and non-diapsausing flesh fly pupae},
	volume = {160},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {Sarcophaga crassipalpis31-07-200206-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {683 - 689},
	author = {Kukal, O. and Denlinger, D. L. and Lee, R. E., Jr.}
}
@article {2104,
	title = {Cold shock and heat shock: a comparison of the protection generated by brief pretreatment at less severe temperatures},
	volume = {16},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {01-06-200306-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {19 - 26},
	author = {Chen, C. -P. and Lee, R. E., Jr. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {2105,
	title = {Seasonal variation in generation time, diapause and cold hardiness in a central Ohio population of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata},
	volume = {16},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {01-06-200306-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {155 - 162},
	author = {Chen, C. -P. and Denlinger, D. L. and Lee, R. E., Jr.}
}
@inbook {2097,
	title = {Cold shock and heat shock},
	booktitle = {Insects at low temperature},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {01-06-200306-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {131 - 148},
	publisher = {Chapman \& Hall},
	organization = {Chapman \& Hall},
	address = {New York \& London},
	author = {Denlinger, D. L. and Joplin, K. H. and Chen, C. -P. and Lee, R. E., Jr.},
	editor = {Lee, R. E. Jr.;Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {2081,
	title = {Developmental and metabolic changes induced by anoxia in diapausing and non-diapausing flesh fly pupae},
	volume = {160},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {09-06-200306-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {683 - 689},
	author = {Kukal, O. and Denlinger, D. L. and Lee, R. E., Jr.}
}
@article {1626,
	title = {Cold shock and rapid cold-hardening of pharate adult flesh flies (Sarcophaga crassipalpis): Effects on behaviour and neuromuscular function following eclosion},
	volume = {21},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {09-06-200306-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {283 - 288},
	author = {Kelty, J. D. and Killian, K. A. and Lee, R. E., Jr.}
}
@inbook {1408,
	title = {Reducing cold-hardiness of insect pests using ice nucleating active microbes},
	booktitle = {Temperature sensitivity in insects and application in integrated pest management},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {Sarcophaga crassipalpis21-12-200506-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {97 - 124},
	publisher = {Westview Press},
	organization = {Westview Press},
	address = {Boulder, Colorado},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Costanzo, J. P. and Lee, R. M.},
	editor = {Hallman, G. J. and Denlinger, D. L.}
}
@article {1258,
	title = {Diapausing pupae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) are more resistant to inoculative freezing than non-diapausing pupae},
	volume = {25},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {The resistance of diapausing (overwintering) and non-diapausing (summer) Sarcophaga crassipalpis pupae to inoculative freezing was examined. The puparium of diapausing pupae contains protection against inoculative freezing separate from its surface lipids11-09-200306-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {120 - 126},
	author = {Kelty, J. D. and Lee, R. E., Jr.}
}
@article {1166,
	title = {Intracellular freezing, viability, and composition of fat body cells from freeze-intolerant larvae of Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {48},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {Sarcophaga crassipalpis08-09-200306-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {199 - 205},
	author = {Davis, D. J. and Lee, R. E., Jr.}
}
@article {770,
	title = {In vivo and in vitro rapid cold-hardening protects cells from cold-shock injury in the flesh fly},
	volume = {174},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.enghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=15503055},
	pages = {611 - 615},
	abstract = {The capacity to undergo rapid the cold-hardening response (RCH) has been documented in diverse groups of insects and functions to protect against non-freezing cold injury and to preserve physiological performance in response to environmental cooling. The RCH response is remarkable for the rapidity of its induction; however the mechanism by which insects perceive cold and transduce this input at the cellular level has received little attention. To test the hypothesis that cells from isolated tissues can undergo RCH in response to cold, we assessed cell viability in four tissues that had undergone either RCH (0 degree C, 2 h followed by -8 degrees C, 2 h) or cold-shock (-8 degrees C, 2 h) both in vivo and in vitro from the adult flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) using fluorescent probes. Adult flies showed a significantly higher survival rate in the RCH group than in the cold-shocked group. Similarly, in all tissues tested, both in vivo and in vitro, RCH significantly improved cell survival compared with the respective cold-shocked groups. To our knowledge this is the first report to demonstrate that isolated cells and tissues from insects can undergo RCH. These results indicate that insect cells are capable of cold-sensing without neuroendocrine mediation; direct induction at the cellular level also helps to explain the swiftness of the RCH response.},
	keywords = {*Cold Temperature, Acclimatization/*physiology, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Body Temperature Regulation/*physiology, Cell Survival/physiology, Diptera/*physiology, Fat Body/physiology, Fluorescent Dyes, Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology, Malpighian Tubules/physiology, Salivary Glands/physiology},
	author = {Yi, S. X. and Lee, R. E., Jr.}
}
@article {583,
	title = {Rapid cold-hardening increases membrane fluidity and cold tolerance of insect cells},
	volume = {52},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {The rapid cold-hardening (RCH) response not only confers dramatic protection against cold-shock (non-freezing) injury, but also "instantaneously" enhances organismal performance. Since cold-shock injury is associated with damage to the cell membrane, we investigated the relationship between RCH and changes in cold tolerance and membrane fluidity at the cellular level. None of the adult flies (Sarcophaga bullata) in the cold-shocked treatment group survived direct transfer to -8 [degree]C for 2 h; in contrast, 64.5\% of flies in the RCH group survived exposure to -8 [degree]C. Differences between the treatment groups also were reflected at the cellular level; only 21.3\% of fat body cells in the cold-shocked group survived compared to 68.5\% in the RCH group. Using 31P solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we determined that membrane fluidity increased concurrently with rapid cold-hardening of fat body cells. This result suggests that membrane characteristics may be modified very rapidly to protect cells against cold-shock injury16-01-200706-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {459 - 463},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Damodaran, K. and Yi, S. -X. and Lorigan, G. A.}
}
@article {541,
	title = {Rapid cold-hardening increases membrane fluidity and cold tolerance of insect cells},
	volume = {52},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalaDepartment of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA. leere@muohio.eduenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=16626678},
	pages = {459 - 463},
	abstract = {The rapid cold-hardening (RCH) response not only confers dramatic protection against cold-shock (non-freezing) injury, but also "instantaneously" enhances organismal performance. Since cold-shock injury is associated with damage to the cell membrane, we investigated the relationship between RCH and changes in cold tolerance and membrane fluidity at the cellular level. None of the adult flies (Sarcophaga bullata) in the cold-shocked treatment group survived direct transfer to -8 degrees C for 2 h; in contrast, 64.5\% of flies in the RCH group survived exposure to -8 degrees C. Differences between the treatment groups also were reflected at the cellular level; only 21.3\% of fat body cells in the cold-shocked group survived compared to 68.5\% in the RCH group. Using 31P solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we determined that membrane fluidity increased concurrently with rapid cold-hardening of fat body cells. This result suggests that membrane characteristics may be modified very rapidly to protect cells against cold-shock injury.},
	keywords = {*Cold Temperature, *Membrane Fluidity, *Tephritidae, Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Cell Survival, Fat Body/*cytology, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Damodaran, K. and Yi, S. X. and Lorigan, G. A.}
}
