@article {398,
	title = {Life-history plasticity after attaining a dietary threshold for reproduction is associated with protein storage in flesh flies},
	volume = {22},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {Body condition affects the timing and magnitude of life-history transitions. Therefore, identifying proximate mechanisms involved in assessing condition is critical to understanding how these mechanisms affect the expression of life-history plasticity. Nutrient storage is an important body condition parameter, likely playing roles in both attaining minimum body-condition thresholds for life-history transitions and expression of life-history traits. We manipulated protein availability for females of the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis to determine whether reproductive timing and output would remain plastic or become fixed. Liver was provided for 0, 2, 4 or 6 days of adult pre-reproductive development. Importantly, liver was removed after the feeding threshold had been attained and females had committed to producing a clutch. We also identified the major storage proteins and monitored their abundances, because protein stores may serve as an index of body condition and therefore may play an important role in life-history transitions and plasticity. Flesh flies showed clear post-threshold plasticity in reproductive timing. Females fed protein for 2 days took c. 30\% longer to provision their clutch than those fed for 4 or 6 days. Observations of oogenesis showed the 2-day group expressed a different developmental program including slower egg provisioning. Protein availability also affected reproductive output. Females fed protein for 2 days produced c. 20\% fewer eggs than females fed 4 or 6 days. Six-day treated females provisioned larger eggs than 4-day treated females, followed by 2-day treated females with the smallest eggs. Two storage proteins were identified, LSP-1 and LSP-2. LSP-2 accumulation differed across feeding treatments. The 2- and 4-day treatment groups accumulated LSP-2 stores but depleted them during provisioning of the first clutch, whereas the 6-day group accumulated the greatest quantity of LSP-2 and had substantial LSP-2 stores remaining at the end of the clutch. This pattern of accumulation and depletion suggests that LSP-2 could play roles in both provisioning the current clutch and future clutches, making it a good candidate molecule for affecting reproductive timing and allotment. LSP-1 was not associated with post-threshold plasticity; it was carried over from larval feeding into adulthood and depleted uniformly across all feeding groups29-09-200906-02-2012Normal},
	pages = {1081 - 1090},
	author = {Hahn, D. A. and James, L. N. and Milne, K. R. and Hatle, J. D.}
}
@article {362,
	title = {Mating affects reproductive investment into eggs, but not the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis},
	volume = {178},
	year = {Submitted},
	note = {08-10-200906-02-2012NormalDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA. dahahn@ifas.ufl.eduenghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=17957374},
	pages = {225 - 233},
	abstract = {We examined the effects of mating on reproductive investment and the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis by exposing females to males or not. All females exposed to males were mated within a few days and we found that mating affected reproductive investment. Virgin females not exposed to males produced a large clutch of eggs ( approximately 91), but females exposed to males and mated produced 10\% more. There was no effect of mating on egg length or mass. There was also no effect of mating on the timing of oogenesis. Females in both treatments provisioned their eggs at the same rate with yolk first becoming visible in the oocytes on day three of adulthood and complete provisioning of eggs occurring by the seventh day of adulthood. We examined the biochemical basis of egg provisioning by identifying the yolk proteins and quantifying their blood titer during the oogenic period in both, females exposed to males and mated and those not exposed to males. There was no difference in the timing of the first appearance, peak titer, or disappearance of yolk proteins in the blood between the two treatments. However, consistent with our observation of greater egg production in mated females, these females contained a greater peak yolk protein titer.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Diptera/*physiology, Egg Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Female, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Oocytes/*physiology, Oogenesis/*physiology, Oviposition/*physiology, Peptide Mapping, Reproduction/physiology, Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology},
	author = {Hahn, D. A. and Rourke, M. N. and Milne, K. R.}
}
